HAN and ADN as liquid ionic monopropellants: Thermal and catalytic decomposition processes

Amrousse, Rachid; Hori, Keiichi; Fetimi, Wafa; Farhat, Kamal

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.08.009

Cited by 79 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The introduction of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) ionic liquid as a replacement for hydrazine as a spacecraft monopropellant has been of great interest recently due to the reduced toxicity and the improved performance afforded by HAN over hydrazine. HAN is one component of the formulation used in the small demonstration satellite-4 (SDS-4) developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and it is a component of the AF-M315E monopropellant to be used in NASA’s Green Propellant Infusion Mission. , Extensive experimental work has been performed on the thermal decomposition of HAN by Cronin and Brill, − Oxley and Brower, Lee and Litzinger, − and Kappenstein et al − While much effort has been dedicated to understanding the HAN thermal decomposition mechanism (over 30 publications), only very recently have efforts been made to understand the catalytic decomposition mechanism of HAN in order to optimize the design of HAN-based monopropellant catalysts and thrusters. ,− A brief summary of the HAN thermal decomposition mechanism is presented here. A detailed overview of the current understanding of both thermal decomposition and catalytic decomposition of HAN can be found elsewhere (in ref and references therein).…”

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confidence: 99%

Catalytic Decomposition of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquid: Enhancement of NO Formation

Chambreau

Popolan-Vaida

Vaghjiani

et al. 2017

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) is a promising candidate to replace highly toxic hydrazine in monopropellant thruster space applications. The reactivity of HAN aerosols on heated copper and iridium targets was investigated using tunable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry. The reaction products were identified by their mass-to-charge ratios and their ionization energies. Products include NH, HO, NO, hydroxylamine (HA), HNO, and a small amount of NO at high temperature. No NO was detected under these experimental conditions, despite the fact that NO is one of the expected products according to the generally accepted thermal decomposition mechanism of HAN. Upon introduction of iridium catalyst, a significant enhancement of the NO/HA ratio was observed. This observation indicates that the formation of NO via decomposition of HA is an important pathway in the catalytic decomposition of HAN.

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confidence: 99%

Catalytic Decomposition of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquid: Enhancement of NO Formation

Chambreau

Popolan-Vaida

Vaghjiani

et al. 2017

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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“…The subsequent decomposition is a two-step exothermic process. 13,18 Decomposition onset temperatures for HAN have been reported in the range of 100−140°C. (1)…”

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confidence: 99%

Flow-Tube Investigations of Hypergolic Reactions of a Dicyanamide Ionic Liquid Via Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2016

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Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) is a promising candidate to replace highly toxic hydrazine in monopropellant thruster space applications. The reactivity of HAN aerosols on heated copper and iridium targets was investigated using tunable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry. The reaction products were identified by their mass-to-charge ratios and their ionization energies. Products include NH 3 , H 2 O, NO, hydroxylamine (HA), HNO 3 , and a small amount of NO 2 at high temperature. No N 2 O was detected under these experimental conditions, despite the fact that N 2 O is one of the expected products according to the generally accepted thermal decomposition mechanism of HAN. Upon introduction of iridium catalyst, a significant enhancement of the NO/HA ratio was observed. This observation indicates that the formation of NO via decomposition of HA is an important pathway in the catalytic decomposition of HAN.

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“…But, the decomposition of HAN/AC-RF mixture with is occurred with exotherm of two peaks at 209 and 288 °C. This phenomenon has been noted in the previous studies [1,2,17] concerning the decomposition of HAN without any additives, where a two-stage mechanism for decomposition of the mixture is proposed. Thus, we guess that activated carbon AC-RF, does not change the decomposition mechanism of HAN.…”

Section: Han + Hmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Therefore, by the end of the twentieth century, the research centers have an intention on searching of new less harmful and higher-energy materials. Aqueous compounds such as hydroxymammonium nitrate (NH 3 OHNO 3 ) were proposed as one of the most promising alternative for hydrazine [1][2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Characteristics of HAN-based Green Propellant Assisted with Nanoporous Active Carbons

Atamanov

Amrousse²,

Jandosov

et al. 2017

Eurasian Chem. Tech. J.

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Combustion of hydroxylammonium nitrate (95 wt.% HAN) -water solution in presence of high specific surface area activated carbons is investigated in a constant-pressure bomb within the pressure range of 1-6 MPa. The linear burning rate increased for the system of HAN admixed with activated carbons compared to those of the HAN alone. Moreover, the thermal decomposition of HAN (95 wt.%) -water solution spiked with activated carbons was assessed by DTA -TG method. In the presence of activated carbons, the ability to trigger the decomposition at a lower temperature (86 °C vs 185 °C) was observed. The volatile products formed in the course of thermal decomposition of HAN, spiked with activated carbons were characterized by electron ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Primary products of HAN decomposition: m/z = 33 (NH 2 OH) and m/z = 63 (HNO 3 ), which are further responsible for the formation of secondary products such as N 2 O, NO, HNO 2 , NO 2 , O 2 etc. Significant reduction of NOx emissions during thermal decomposition of HAN (95 wt.%) -water solution was observed (ca. 30%) in presence of activated carbons.

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HAN and ADN as liquid ionic monopropellants: Thermal and catalytic decomposition processes

Cited by 79 publications

References 20 publications

Catalytic Decomposition of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquid: Enhancement of NO Formation

Catalytic Decomposition of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquid: Enhancement of NO Formation

Flow-Tube Investigations of Hypergolic Reactions of a Dicyanamide Ionic Liquid Via Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Combustion Characteristics of HAN-based Green Propellant Assisted with Nanoporous Active Carbons

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