OBJECTIVE -Limited joint mobility (LJM), one of the earliest clinically apparent long-term complications of type 1 diabetes, is a risk marker for subsequent microvascular complications. We hypothesize that the prevalence of LJM may have decreased during the past two decades due to improved standards of glycemic control.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A single observer performed a survey in 204consecutive patients with type 1 diabetes (106 men and 98 women, age 27 Ϯ 1 years, HbA 1c 8.3 Ϯ 0.1%, duration of diabetes 14.5 Ϯ 0.8 years, insulin dose 63 Ϯ 2 units/day). We used the same examination method and criteria for assessment of LJM as used by us in an earlier study in [1981][1982]. CONCLUSIONS -The present study confirms the hypothesis that the prevalence of LJM is lower than 20 years ago and that improved standards of glycemic control and diabetes care may have contributed to this occurrence. Joint limitation in type 1 diabetes is strongly associated with duration of diabetes. The presence of LJM remains a common and important clinical marker for subsequent microvascular disease and can be a useful clinical tool for identification of patients at increased risk.
RESULTS
Diabetes Care 28:658 -661, 2005L imited joint mobility (LJM), one of the earliest and most common clinical complications in type 1 diabetes, was first described by Rosenbloom in 1974 (1,2). LJM is characterized by stiffness and thickening of the periarticular connective tissue, beginning in the hand at the fifth interphalangeal joints and extending radially. It is useful to recognize this complication of type 1 diabetes because of its association with the development of microvascular complications (3).The prevalence of LJM in type 1 diabetes quoted in several studies of pediatric and adult diabetes clinics ranges from 9 to 58% (3-5). This variability depends largely upon the population studied and the way in which joint mobility is measured (6). In a previous survey of our clinic population in Belfast published in the 1980s, the prevalence of LJM was 43% (7). Many of the LJM studies were conducted before the introduction of current standards for intensive diabetes care (8). A recent survey of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes attending diabetic camps in Florida demonstrated a reduced prevalence of LJM between 1976 and 1998 (9). This change was attributed to more intensive glucose control during the past two decades, since there is some evidence that long-term glycemic control influences the onset of this condition (9,10).The current study was designed to compare the frequency of LJM in our own U.K. clinic population across two decades. We performed a survey of patients with type 1 diabetes attending our clinics in 2002 and compared this to observations made in the same clinic in 1981-1982 (7,11). We hypothesized that the prevalence of LJM would be less in 2002, in line with improved standards for glycemic control in the intervening years.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Patients were prospectively recruited from the diabetes clinics of the Royal...