Hand and Nasal Carriage of Discordant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates among Urban Jail Detainees

David, Michael Z.; Siegel, Jane D.; Henderson, Janet E.; Leos, Greg; Lo, Kaming; Iwuora, Jerry; Taylor, Alexis; Zychowski, Diana; Porsa, Esmaeil; Boyle-Vavra, Susan; Daum, Robert S.

doi:10.1128/jcm.01190-14

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, it is lower than study findings reported from Ekpoma Edo-Nigeria (60%) and Egypt (31%) (17,18) This difference could be attributed to various factors such as personal cleanliness habits of the workers, level of education, the hygiene of utensils/equipment and the environment where the food handlers are working and regulations employed in each nations. The isolation rate of S. aureus from nose and hand were 9% and 11.3%, respectively, which is dissimilar with the study findings reported by David and his colleagues (2016) where the carriage rate of S. aureus was higher from nasal cavity (32.8 %) than from hand (24.9%) (19). El-Shenawy and his coworkers in Egypt conducted a cross sectional study of S. aureus skin carriage (hands and face swabs) and found that 75(38 %) of the 200 persons were positive for the presence of the bacterium (18).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…The increased resistance of isolates in the current study to commonly used antibiotics could be attributed to widespread and indiscriminate usage of antibiotics. This high rate of resistance among Staphylococci strains can be ascribed, in most cases, to the production of β-lactamase enzyme that destroys the β-lactam ring and inactivates the Penicillin antibiotic; this enzyme is also encoded by plasmid which makes it easier to be transferred among strains (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nasal and Hand Carriage Rate of Staphylococcus aureus among Food Handlers Working in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia

Beyene¹,

Mamo²,

Kassa³

et al. 2019

Ethiop J Health Sci

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BackgroundFood handlers have been recognized to play a major role in the transmission of food borne diseases, contributing significantly to the global incidence and burden of the diseases. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the nasal and hand carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among food handlers in Jimma Town.MethodsA community based cross sectional study was conducted from February to May 2017. Swab specimens from nasopharyngeal and hands of food handlers working in food establishments were collected for isolation and identification of S. aureus using standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using disc diffusion method. Associations of selected variables for S. aureus colonization were determined using SPSS version 20 with p ≤ 0.05 taken as statistically significant.ResultsAmong the 300 food handlers working in hotels and restaurants in Jimma Town, 86(28.7%) were colonized by S. aureus. The frequency of isolation of S. aureus from nose, hand and both parts (nose and hand) were 27(9%), 34(11.3%) and 25(8.3%), respectively. There was strong association (P=0.00336) between carriage rate of S. aureus and food handlers' job category. The majority (90.7%) of the isolates were resistant to Penicillin and Ampicillin. Increased levels of sensitivity were observed against Ciprofloxacin (96.5%), Cefoxitin (95.3%) and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (94.2%).ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of S. aureus carriers among food handlers and high antibacterial resistance towards commonly prescribed drugs, justifying the screening of food handlers to detect and treat carriers and protect restaurant customers from staphylococcal food poisoning.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal and Hand Carriage Rate of Staphylococcus aureus among Food Handlers Working in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia

Beyene¹,

Mamo²,

Kassa³

et al. 2019

Ethiop J Health Sci

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“…In Turkey, community-associated MRSA rates are reported to be within 21%-25% [10] . Interestingly, specific populations such as prisoners, homeless people, sports teams, and nurses have different nasal MRSA carriage rates [11][12][13][14][15] . In our population of university students, which belongs to different nationalities, the nasal S. aureus carriage rate was 30.9%, and the MRSA carriage rate was 11.3%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage and related risk factors in university student population

Şanlıtürk¹,

Ahmadkhanpour²,

Al-Numan³

et al. 2020

mjima

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Introduction:Here, we aimed to analyze the risk factors of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in a sample pool comprising university students and characterize MRSA isolates' antibiotic resistance profiles. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to each participant and used as a data collection tool for obtaining demographic-and risk factor-related information. Each participant was also screened for S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage. Associations between MRSA carriage and risk factors were evaluated with biostatistical methods. Bacterial isolates were isolated and identified with standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes of the isolates were analyzed using the disk diffusion method in accordance with the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. Results: The nasal MRSA carriage rate detected in our population was 11.3%. Having a skin infection in the past year (p=0.039) and working in a healthcare system during the previous year (p=0.018) were found to be significant risk factors associated with the nasal MRSA carriage of students. The antibiotic susceptibility test on MRSA isolates demonstrated high resistance rates to rifampicin, erythromycin, and kanamycin. Conclusion: The high rate (11.3%) of nasal MRSA carriage among university students is concerning. Thus, activities that aim to enhance knowledge and awareness among university students and administrators should be implemented to prevent possible transmission and outbreak scenarios.Giriş: Burada, üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşan bir örnek havuzunda metisilin-dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) taşıyıcılığı için risk faktörleri analiz edilmesi ve MRSA izolatlarının antibiyotik direnç profillerinin karakterizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Risk faktörleri ve demografik bilgilerin elde edilmesi için tüm katılımcılara bir veri toplama aracı olarak anket dağıtılmıştır. Ayrıca, her katılımcı burunda S. aureus ve MRSA taşıyıcılığı için taranmıştır. MRSA taşıyıcılığı ve risk faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiler biyoistatistiksel yöntemlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Bakteriyel izolatların izolasyonunda ve tanımlanmasında standart mikrobiyolojik teknikler kullanılmıştır. İzolatların antibiyotik direnç fenotipleri disk difüzyon metodu ile European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing kriterlerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Popülasyonumuzda burunda MRSA taşıyıcılığı oranı %11,3 olarak belirlendi. "Geçen yılda bir deri enfeksiyonu geçirmiş olmak" (p=0,039) ve "geçmiş yıl içerisinde bir sağlık sisteminde çalışmış olmak" (p=0,018) öğrencilerde burunda MRSA taşıyıcılığı ile ilişkili anlamlı risk faktörleri olarak bulundu. MRSA izolatlarının antibiyotik duyarlılık testi rifampisin, eritromisin ve kanamisin için yüksek direnç oranları ile sonuçlandı. Sonuç: Üniversite öğrencilerindeki yüksek burunda MRSA taşıyıcılığı oranı (%11,3) endişe vericidir. Dolayısı ile, muhtemel yayılma ve salgın senaryolarının önlenmesi için üniversite öğrencilerinde ve yön...

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“…It is important to point out, however, that though mathematical models by Okano et al [7] support the amplification framework, other models proposed by the same group [13] suggest that MRSA outbreaks in jails were sustained primarily due to new admittance of colonised and/or infected detainees rather than within facility transmission. A recent study of SA colonisation in jails conducted by David et al [14] corroborated the latter findings, but could also not directly address within facility transmission. The overall prevalence of SA colonisation amongst the detainees assessed in the latter study was slightly lower than that observed amongst newly admitted female detainees in the current study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A recent study of SA colonisation in jails conducted by David et al . [14] corroborated the latter findings, but could also not directly address within facility transmission. The overall prevalence of SA colonisation amongst the detainees assessed in the latter study was slightly lower than that observed amongst newly admitted female detainees in the current study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Correspondence analysis to evaluate the transmission ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains in two New York State maximum-security prisons

et al. 2017

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Prisons/jails are thought to amplify the transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) particularly methicillin-resistant SA infection and colonisation. Two independently pooled cross-sectional samples of detainees being admitted or discharged from two New York State maximum-security prisons were used to explore this concept. Private interviews of participants were conducted, during which the anterior nares and oropharynx were sampled and assessed for SA colonisation. Log-binomial regression and correspondence analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the prevalence of colonisation at entry as compared with discharge. Approximately 51% of admitted (N = 404) and 41% of discharged (N = 439) female detainees were colonised with SA. Among males, 59% of those admitted (N = 427) and 49% of those discharged (N = 393) were colonised. Females had a statistically significant higher prevalence (1·26: P = 0·003) whereas males showed no significant difference (1·06; P = 0·003) in SA prevalence between entry and discharge. CA demonstrated that some strains, such as spa types t571 and t002, might have an affinity for certain mucosal sites. Contrary to our hypothesis, the prison setting did not amplify SA transmission, and CA proved to be a useful tool in describing the population structure of strains according to time and/or mucosal site.

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Hand and Nasal Carriage of Discordant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates among Urban Jail Detainees

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Nasal and Hand Carriage Rate of Staphylococcus aureus among Food Handlers Working in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia

Nasal and Hand Carriage Rate of Staphylococcus aureus among Food Handlers Working in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia

Nasal Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage and related risk factors in university student population

Correspondence analysis to evaluate the transmission ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains in two New York State maximum-security prisons

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