Hand, foot, and mouth syndrome in an immunocompetent adult: a case report

Lima, Bárbara Flor de; Silva, João; Rodrigues, Ana; Grilo, Ana; Riso, Nuno; Riscado, Manuel Vaz

doi:10.1186/1756-0500-6-441

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, enterovirus type 71 was detected in a serum virus antibody test. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with HMFD-associated pseudomembranous conjunctivitis due to the characteristic distribution of the lesions [ 13 ]. To the best of our knowledge, there are, to date, no reports that describe the clinical course of patients with HFMD-associated pseudomembranous conjunctivitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis with hand, foot and mouth disease in a pregnant woman : a case report

Kim

2021

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common systemic infection that is caused by an enterovirus, normally Coxsackie A16. Generally, it affects children or immunocompromised adults. Only a few reports have described pseudomembranous conjunctivitis associated with HFMD. We aim to describe the clinical outcomes and ocular findings of a 37-year-old female with HFMD and concurrent severe pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, who was 28 weeks pregnant. Case presentation A female patient who was 28-weeks pregnant was referred for an ophthalmological review due to pain and injection in both eyes. The patient was hospitalized under obstetrics and gynecology and evaluated for Behcet’s disease with oral and perineal ulcers. In an ophthalmic examination, both eyes were observed to have a conjunctival injection. Behcet’s disease-associated conjunctivitis was diagnosed. Topical steroids and antibiotics were administered every 6 h. Two days after her presentation, a maculopapular eruption occurred on her palms. Enterovirus type 71 was detected in a serum virus antibody test, and the patient was diagnosed with HFMD. After 7 days, severe pseudomembranous conjunctivitis and corneal epithelial defects occurred in both eyes. Topical steroids were administered every 3 h, and the pseudomembrane was removed every 2 to 3 days. The pseudomembrane did not occur after 3 weeks, but corneal erosion persisted. After 3 months, the corneal erosion had completely resolved. Conclusions HFMD-associated conjunctivitis is a rare complication in adults, however it can appear as a severe pseudomembranous conjunctivitis. In this case, the removal of the pseudomembrane and topical steroids helped improve the symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis with hand, foot and mouth disease in a pregnant woman : a case report

Kim

2021

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…After the initial infection, the host remains in a latent stage for a period of time before becoming infectious [ 20 ]. For HFMD, the incubation period of HFMD was 3 to 10 days[ 21 ],so 2 to 2.5 weeks leading time were enough to implement the prevention and control measures, such as promotion of health education, case isolation, disinfection of affected setting and so on [ 1 ], which can decrease the morbidity during the upcoming epidemic season. Because of the epidemic started, there would be a sharp increase in the number of HFMD cases and then reached the highest incidence soon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Negative Binomial Regression Model for Early Warning at the Start of a Hand Foot Mouth Disease Epidemic in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China

Xue-song

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a human syndrome caused by intestinal viruses like that coxsackie A virus 16, enterovirus 71 and easily developed into outbreak in kindergarten and school. Scientifically and accurately early detection of the start time of HFMD epidemic is a key principle in planning of control measures and minimizing the impact of HFMD. The objective of this study was to establish a reliable early detection model for start timing of hand foot mouth disease epidemic in Dalian and to evaluate the performance of model by analyzing the sensitivity in detectability.MethodsThe negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the weekly baseline case number of HFMD and identified the optimal alerting threshold between tested difference threshold values during the epidemic and non-epidemic year. Circular distribution method was used to calculate the gold standard of start timing of HFMD epidemic.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2014, a total of 62022 HFMD cases were reported (36879 males and 25143 females) in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China, including 15 fatal cases. The median age of the patients was 3 years. The incidence rate of epidemic year ranged from 137.54 per 100,000 population to 231.44 per 100,000population, the incidence rate of non-epidemic year was lower than 112 per 100,000 population. The negative binomial regression model with AIC value 147.28 was finally selected to construct the baseline level. The threshold value was 100 for the epidemic year and 50 for the non- epidemic year had the highest sensitivity(100%) both in retrospective and prospective early warning and the detection time-consuming was 2 weeks before the actual starting of HFMD epidemic.ConclusionsThe negative binomial regression model could early warning the start of a HFMD epidemic with good sensitivity and appropriate detection time in Dalian.

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“…His clinical history and viral prodrome fit with this as the etiology and were not compatible with other viral etiologies of myocarditis including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Past reports indicate that myocarditis presenting in patients with new-onset heart failure and an influenza-like illness testing positive for a single viral pathogen only is typically shown to be viral myocarditis [ 11 – 13 ]. We made the diagnosis of viral myocarditis by the clinical history, elevated inflammatory markers and cardiac enzymes, echocardiogram with severely reduced ejection fraction, and a cardiac MRI suggestive of myocarditis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New-Onset Myocarditis in an Immunocompetent Adult with Acute Metapneumovirus Infection

Weinreich

Jabbar

Malguria

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Medicine

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Introduction. A number of viruses have been implicated in viral myocarditis; however, there has been no previous report of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causing this condition. Discovered in 2001, hMPV is typically associated with upper respiratory illness, mainly affecting children. Case Presentation. We report the case of a 25-year-old man with acute systolic heart failure from viral myocarditis secondary to the hMPV. The patient was initially admitted to the general medical ward but developed increasing oxygen requirements resulting in transfer to the cardiac intensive care unit. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to help confirm the diagnosis. He was treated with intravenous diuretics, and afterload and preload agents, and he was subsequently discharged home after seven days of hospitalization. Discussion. hMPV is typically a respiratory pathogen; however, it was associated with in myocarditis in our patient. Due to the recent ability to detect this virus, we may see more cases of this, particularly during peak months of infection. Conclusion. This is the first case description of myocarditis associated with hMPV infection.

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Hand, foot, and mouth syndrome in an immunocompetent adult: a case report

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis with hand, foot and mouth disease in a pregnant woman : a case report

Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis with hand, foot and mouth disease in a pregnant woman : a case report

Using a Negative Binomial Regression Model for Early Warning at the Start of a Hand Foot Mouth Disease Epidemic in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China

New-Onset Myocarditis in an Immunocompetent Adult with Acute Metapneumovirus Infection

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