Hand Hygiene in the New Millennium: Drawing the Distinction Between Efficacy and Effectiveness

McDonald, L. Clifford

doi:10.1086/502183

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, the exact reduction of transient microorganisms required to prevent cross transmission is unknown, and it is likely that even a 90% reduction achieved by alcohol-based handrubs along with improved compliance will decrease the incidence of health care-associated infections. 51,52 However, given the trend of a reduced efficacy of alcohol-based handrubs with multiple episodes, it is prudent to recommend traditional hand hygiene with an antiseptic agent or a nonantimicrobial soap periodically throughout the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the reduction of bacteria and viruses

Sickbert-Bennett

Weber

Gergen-Teague

et al. 2005

American Journal of Infection Control

162

118

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Antimicrobial handwashing agents were the most efficacious in bacterial removal, whereas waterless agents showed variable efficacy. Alcohol-based handrubs compared with other products demonstrated better efficacy after a single episode of hand hygiene than after 10 episodes. Effective hand hygiene for high levels of viral contamination with a nonenveloped virus was best achieved by physical removal with a nonantimicrobial soap or tap water alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the reduction of bacteria and viruses

Sickbert-Bennett

Weber

Gergen-Teague

et al. 2005

American Journal of Infection Control

162

118

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“…General methods such as temporary replacement of donors after endoscopic interventions or dental extractions are able to reduce the risk for bacteremic periods. A standardized donor arm disinfection with two swaps with 70% alcohol and iodine and the diversion of the first 30–40 ml after veinpuncture was able to reduce the residual risk for bacterial contaminations of approximately 50% . Nevertheless, the incidence of fatal bacterial transmissions by platelets is in a range between 1:200 000 and 1:500 000 and therefore a logarithmic period higher than the residual transmission risk for HCV or HIV‐1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies for bacterial contaminations

Schmidt

Seifried

2016

ISBT Science Series

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Background The detection of bacterial contaminations in blood components can be classified in culture methods, rapid detection methods and experimental new technologies. Culture methods Culture methods have shown their benefit through easy handling and high analytic sensitivity. The challenge with culture methods, with the negative‐to‐date release concept, is a risk for false negative screening results due to sample failures and a reduced clinical efficiency. Rapid detection methods Within the last decade, rapid bacterial detection systems (RBDS) were developed as an alternative option to culture systems. In RBDS, testing time is reduced to 2–3 h. Therefore, a negative‐to‐date release concept is not necessary using these systems. New technologies In addition, new technologies are currently in development to detect bacterial strains in blood components. Electrochemical biosensors were developed for many different analytes, which range in size from individual ions and small molecules to nucleic acids and proteins up to whole viruses and bacteria. Conclusions Bacterial detection in blood components, especially in platelets, is implemented in many blood donor services. New approaches are promising to come to a next level to be implemented into routine screening, but the analytical sensitivity has to be improved for some of the new test systems in the coming years. Due to the fact that a risk for bacterial contamination still occurs in all blood components, the focus in transfusion medicine in the next decade will be the development of general principles and strategies to detect or inactivate bacteria in all blood components. Therefore, new developments are gladly welcome.

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Surgical Hand Disinfection

Andersen

2019

Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals

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Hand Hygiene in the New Millennium: Drawing the Distinction Between Efficacy and Effectiveness

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Comparative efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the reduction of bacteria and viruses

Comparative efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the reduction of bacteria and viruses

New strategies for bacterial contaminations

Surgical Hand Disinfection

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