Hand hygiene promotion in long-term care facilities (LTCF) – a cluster randomized controlled trial

The Effectiveness of Interventions in Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance: A Meta-Analysis and Logic Model

“…effective strategies, a multimodel strategy in the study of Ho et al was recognized as the most effective intervention, affecting three levels: individual, interpersonal, and organizational. In this intervention, provision of facilities, health talk, train-the-trainer approach, feedback, reminders, and performance reports were seen to work effectively [33]. Schölmerich and Kawachi, in line with this finding, stated that multilevel interventions inspired by socioecological models enhance the impact of programs by simultaneously altering the individual, social, and organizational levels [44].…”

“…In this study, the overall odds ratio was 1.74 with a 95% confidence interval (1.62-1.86), P < 0.001. e results of the meta-analyses are displayed in Figure 3. e results showed that the multimodel strategy (alcohol-based hand rub + video + reminders + feedback + health talk + powerless gloves) conducted by Ho et al [33], with a higher odds ratio and smaller variation span, was the most effective intervention in terms of hand hygiene adherence (OR � 18.4, 95% CI (13.6-24.8), P < 0.001, I 2 � 95.8%, P < 0.001).…”

“…Included. 14 randomized clinical trials were found by the researchers, of which 4 studies were conducted in the Netherlands, while the rest were conducted in China, Germany, Indonesia, Sweden, Finland, Hong Kong, Spain, England, Canada, and the United States [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Of these, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis, since they had identified the percentage of hand hygiene compliance.…”