Handbills, rumours, and blue cockades: Communication during the 1780 Gordon Riots

Geographical approaches to religion in the past

“…As a result, she demonstrated how religious representations of landscapes can be used to understand spiritual encounters, de-centre official religious ideas, and provide insights into individuals' personal experience of sacred landscapes. Della Dora's, Hammond's, and my own paper suggests that by drawing on historical geographer's recent applications of more-than-representational approaches (Awcock, 2021;Legg, 2020) to assess acts of making and engaging with religious representations of landscapes, geographical approaches to religion could gain intriguing insights into the breadth of religious experiences in the past.…”

A Rebato: Popular uprisings and the striking of the bells in eighteenth-century Castile

“…There are rumours, which leave a significant trace in the documentation (through witness statements), but few concrete elements to reconstruct their content and dissemination. 88 The shouts of the rioters appear in almost all cases, taking the form of slogans, insults, or acclamations. The sound of stones hitting windows, doors, or roofs serves as a clear example of symbolic violence and forced the victims to lock inside their houses.…”

“…Many of these functions were communicative. 90 They summoned and informed the neighbours but also reinforced a powerful sense of community in an extraordinary situation. The ringing of bells also confers legitimacy to the protest by appropriating an instrument typically controlled by the powerful.…”