Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Thermodynamics

Zemaitis, Joseph F.; Clark, Diane M.; Rafal, Marshall; Scrivner, Noel C.

doi:10.1002/9780470938416

Cited by 442 publications

(435 citation statements)

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“…Water activities are calculated using the Pitzcr method (Pytkowicz, 1979;Zemaitis, 1986). Chemical equilibrium in aqueous solution is described based on field observations (Quinn et al, 1990).…”

Section: Particle Activation In Cloudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size- and Composition-Resolved Externally Mixed Aerosol Model

Russell

Seinfeld

1998

Aerosol Science and Technology

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ABSTRACT. The need for a numerical algorithm to predict the growth of external mixtures of aerosol populations is common to several current areas of study, including aerosol radiative effects, particle production processes, and pollution source apportionment. This work describes a model that solves this problem for explicit external and internal mixtures for the processes of coagulation, condensation, deposition, activation, and nucleation. The solution is numerically accurate for both particulate mass and number conservation by virtue of a dual-moment sectional method for solute growth. In addition, evaporable components are calculated in moving sections to retain information during particle activation in supersaturated conditions. The model is illustrated by application to the problem of cloud processing in a marine boundary layer capped with a layer of stratus clouds. The aerosol population is tracked in an air parcel circulating within the boundary layer and through the cloud layer. Boundary layer structure and cloud supersaturation profiles are predicted from gradients of observed thermodynamic variables. The model shows the differential growth of particles during cloud processing in two different types of particle populations, one of sea-salt origin and the other of sulfate origin.

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Section: Particle Activation In Cloudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size- and Composition-Resolved Externally Mixed Aerosol Model

Russell

Seinfeld

1998

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Detailed derivations are given in references [17,18,21]. The model has been validated and used for calculations in several mixed electrolytes, e.g., [22,23], and has been used successfully in the prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters [20,24].…”

Section: Activity Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection

Thiel

Lienhard

2014

Desalination

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Produced water from unconventional gas and oil extraction may be hypersaline with uncommon combinations of dissolved ions. The aim of this analysis is to aid in the selection of produced water treatment technology by identifying the temperature, pH, and recovery ratio under which mineral solid formation from these produced waters is likely to occur. Eight samples of produced water from the Permian Basin and the Marcellus shale are discussed, with an average TDS of about 177 g/L but significant variability. Crystallization potential is quantified by the saturation index, and activity coefficients are calculated using the Pitzer model. The method is applied to estimate solid formation in the treatment of two design case samples: a 183 g/L sample representing the Permian Basin water and a 145 g/L sample representing the Marcellus. Without pretreatment, the most likely solids to form, defined by highest saturation index, are: CaCO 3 , FeCO 3 , MgCO 3 , MnCO 3 , SrCO 3 , BaSO 4 , CaSO 4 , MgSO 4 and SrSO 4 . Some options for mitigating the formation of these scales are discussed. With appropriate pretreatment, it is estimated that recovery ratios of as high as 40-50% are achievable before NaCl, a major constituent, is likely to limit further concentration without significant crystallization.

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“…Despite extensive progress in theoretical and experimental work has been made in the study of aggregation properties of ionic surfactants the effect of added salt and specific ion (dissociated from surfactants and salt) is still a challenge [35][36][37][38]. The ion and salt usually shift cmc, aggregation number of micelle, sphere-torod transition, and counter ion binding coefficient [39,40].…”

Section: Effect Of Salt On Surfactant Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The micellization free energy Δμ m o is estimated from a few contributing terms as described below: are the free energy contributions from hydrocarbon transfer from water into micelle, formation of micellar core-water interface, hydrocarbon tail packing in the micelle, surfactant head group steric interaction, head group counter ion mixing, and electrostatic interaction, respectively [35][36][37][38]. Δμ mix o reflects the entropy of forming a micelle with surfactant composition of α i (equal to 1 for pure surfactant) in the bulk solution.…”

Section: Effect Of Salt On Surfactant Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surfactant Aggregation and Adsorption on Steel Corrosion Inhibition in Salt Solution

Zhu

FreeM²

2016

Polym Sci

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The corrosion inhibition efficiency of mixtures of three homologous benzalkonium chlorides (BAC) surfactants was investigated using electrochemical measurements and modeling. The surface aggregation concentration (sac) and critical micelle concentration (cmc) of surfactant are useful to evaluate inhibition efficiency. A new cmc prediction model for ternary mixed homologous surfactants of interest has been developed. The model is applicable over a wide concentration range of dissolved salt in solution. The combination of the modified Langmuir adsorption model and the cmc prediction model provides a potential method for inhibition efficiency prediction of various mixed homologous surfactant systems at various dissolved salt concentrations.

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Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Thermodynamics

Cited by 442 publications

References 0 publications

Size- and Composition-Resolved Externally Mixed Aerosol Model

Size- and Composition-Resolved Externally Mixed Aerosol Model

Treating produced water from hydraulic fracturing: Composition effects on scale formation and desalination system selection

Effects of Surfactant Aggregation and Adsorption on Steel Corrosion Inhibition in Salt Solution

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