Mathematical finance has been an exponentially growing field of research in the last decades and is still impressively active. There are also many directions and subfields under the hat of 'finance' and researchers from very different fields, such as economics (of course), engineering, mathematics, numerical analysis and recently statistics, have been involved in this area.This chapter is intended to give a guidance on the reading of the book and to provide a better focus on the topics discussed herein. The book is intended to be self-contained in its exposition, introducing all the concepts, including very preliminary ones, which are required to better understand more complex topics and to appreciate the details and the beauty of some of the results.This book is also very computer-oriented and it often moves from theory to applications and examples. The R statistical environment has been chosen as a basis. All the code presented in this book is free and available as an R statistical package called opefimor on CRAN. 1 There are many good publications on mathematical finance on the market. Some of them consider only mathematical aspects of the matter at different level of complexity. Other books that mix theoretical results and software applications are usually based on copyright protected software. These publications touch upon the problem of model calibration only incidentally and in most cases the focus is on discrete time models mainly (ARCH, GARCH, etc.) with notable exceptions.The main topics of this book are the description of models for asset dynamics and interest rates along with their statistical calibration. In particular, the attention is on continuous time models observed at discrete times and calibration techniques for them in terms of statistical estimation. Then pricing of derivative contracts on a single underlining asset in the Black and Scholes-Merton framework (Black and Scholes 1973;Merton 1973), pricing of basket options, volatility, covariation and regime switching analysis are considered. At the same