“…A total of four major absorption bands at 1160 nm (C=O stretch, fourth overtone), 1360 nm (C–H combination), 1415 nm (C–H combination), and 1540 nm (O–H stretch, first overtone) were confirmed by the first derivative pretreatment, and the absorption bands at 1415 nm and 1540 nm alone appeared prominently in the first derivative spectrum (Figure 1E and 1F). Five major absorption bands at 1160 nm (C=O stretch, fourth overtone), 1195 nm (C–H, second overtone), 1360 nm (C–H combination), 1440 nm (C–H combination), and 1570 nm (N–H stretch, first overtone) were confirmed by the second derivative pretreatment, and the absorption bands 1440 nm and 1570 nm alone, appeared in the second derivative spectrum (Figure 1G and 1H) (Burns & Ciurczak, 2007). There has not been any change identified in the major NIR absorption band due to spectra pretreatment method.…”