The study of visual communication comprises such wide‐reaching and voluminous literatures as art history, the philosophy of art and → aesthetics, → semiotics, → cinema studies, → television and mass media studies, the history and theory of → photography, the history and theory of → graphic design and → typography, the study of word–image relationships in literary, aesthetic, and rhetorical theory (→ Rhetorical Studies), the development and use of charts, diagrams, → cartography, and questions of geographic visualization (images of place and space), the physiology and psychology of visual → perception, the impact of new visual technologies (including the impact of digitalization and the construction of “virtual realities”; → Digital Imagery), growing concerns with the concept and/or acquisition of “visual literacy,” and the boundless social and cultural issues embedded in practices of → visual representation.