Handgrip Strength Asymmetry Is Associated With Limitations in Individual Basic Self-Care Tasks

Mahoney, Sean; Hackney, Kyle J.; Jurivich, Donald A.; Dahl, Lindsey; Johnson, Carol; McGrath, Ryan

doi:10.1177/0733464820982409

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Several recent studies have examined strength asymmetries between hands and found that HGS asymmetry is associated with poor health and early all-cause mortality (23,24). Therefore, bilateral functional asymmetries could be another biomarker of poor muscle function (19). Yet, it remains opaque how asymmetric strength factors into chronic disease risk, particularly because persons in danger of multimorbidity may have poor muscle function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness Are Associated With Future Morbidity Accumulation in Americans

Klawitter

Vincent

Choi

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Identifying strength asymmetries in physically deconditioned populations may help in screening and treating persons at risk for morbidities linked to muscle dysfunction. Our investigation sought to examine the associations between handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry and weakness on accumulating morbidities in aging Americans. The analytic sample included 18,506 Americans aged $50 years from the 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study. Handgrip strength was measured on each hand with a handgrip dynamometer, and persons with an imbalance in strength .10% between hands had HGS asymmetry. Men with HGS ,26 kg and women with HGS ,16 kg were considered as weak. Subjects reported the presence of healthcare provider-diagnosed morbidities: hypertension, diabetes, cancer, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, arthritis, and psychiatric problems. Covariate-adjusted ordinal generalized estimating equations analyzed the associations for each HGS asymmetry and weakness group on future accumulating morbidities. Of those included in our study, subjects at baseline were aged 65.0 6 10.2 years, 9,570 (51.7%) had asymmetric HGS, and 996 (5.4%) were weak. Asymmetry alone and weakness alone were associated with 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.14) and 1.27 (CI: 1.11-1.45) greater odds for future accumulating morbidities, respectively. Having both HGS asymmetry and weakness was associated with 1.46 (CI: 1.29-1.65) greater odds for future accumulating morbidities. Handgrip-strength asymmetry, as another potential indicator of impaired muscle function, is associated with future morbidity status during aging. Exercise professionals and related practitioners should consider examining asymmetry and weakness with handgrip dynamometers as a simple and noninvasive screening method for helping to determine muscle dysfunction and future chronic disease risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness Are Associated With Future Morbidity Accumulation in Americans

Klawitter

Vincent

Choi

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Asymmetric strength may represent another characteristic of muscle dysfunction before deficiencies in overall strength capacity are observed [8]. Previous investigations have revealed that asymmetric HGS is associated with diminished health and shortened longevity [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations between Asymmetric Handgrip Strength and Chronic Disease Status in American Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Klawitter

Bradley

Hackney

et al. 2021

JFMK

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This study examined the associations between asymmetric handgrip strength (HGS) and multimorbidity in American adults. Secondary analyses of data from persons aged at least 40 years from the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were conducted. A handheld dynamometer collected HGS on each hand and persons with a strength imbalance >10% between hands were classified as having asymmetric HGS. Adults with the presence of ≥2 of the following conditions had multimorbidity: cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma, arthritis, cancer, obesity, stroke, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Of the n = 3483 participants included, n = 2700 (77.5%) had multimorbidity. A greater proportion of adults with multimorbidity had HGS asymmetry (n = 1234 (45.7%)), compared to persons living without multimorbidity (n = 314 (40.1%); p < 0.05). Relative to individuals without asymmetry, adults with asymmetric HGS had 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.67) greater odds for multimorbidity. Moreover, persons with HGS asymmetry had 1.22 (CI: 1.04–1.44) greater odds for accumulating morbidities. Asymmetric strength, as another indicator of diminished muscle function, is linked to chronic morbidity status. Healthcare providers should recommend healthy behaviors for reducing asymmetries to improve muscle function and mitigate morbidity risk after completing asymmetry screenings.

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“…The “10% rule” was first proposed in the 1950s, indicating that the difference in HGS between dominant and non‐dominant hands was approximately 10% 17 . Numerous studies associated with HGS asymmetry applied the definition of an HGS ratio >10% 7–10,18–21 . Accordingly, HGS asymmetry was considered as an HGS ratio <0.90 or >1.10, and HGS symmetry was classified as an HGS ratio between 0.90 and 1.10 in the present study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…17 Numerous studies associated with HGS asymmetry applied the definition of an HGS ratio >10%. [7][8][9][10][18][19][20][21] Accordingly, HGS asymmetry was considered as an HGS ratio <0.90 or >1.10, and HGS symmetry was classified as an HGS ratio between 0.90 and 1.10 in the present study.…”

Section: Hgs Weakness and Asymmetry Measurementmentioning

confidence: 95%

Handgrip strength weakness and asymmetry together are associated with cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients: A prospective cohort study

Lin

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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The evaluations of handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry have implications for the comprehensive geriatric assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of HGS weakness and asymmetry on cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients.Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study of 364 Geriatrics outpatients aged ≥60 years, in which all participants carried out HGS tests at baseline. Patients with HGS <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women were diagnosed as HGS weakness, and HGS ratio <0.90 or >1.10 were diagnosed as HGS asymmetry. Primary outcomes defined as the major adverse cardiovascular event and composite end-points were assessed during a 21month median follow-up.Results: Among 364 participants, 155 (42.6%) showed HGS weakness, and 160 (44.0%) showed HGS asymmetry. HGS weakness was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.22-6.27) and composite end-points (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.40-5.77). However, no significant correlation between HGS asymmetry and cardiovascular outcomes was observed. Compared with the normal and symmetric HGS group, older adults with HGS weakness and asymmetry together had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 5.23,) and composite end-points (HR 4.00, 95% CI 1.56-10.28).Conclusions: HGS weakness and asymmetry together might increase the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients. HGS asymmetry offers complementary information to HGS weakness when making a comprehensive assessment of HGS.

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Handgrip Strength Asymmetry Is Associated With Limitations in Individual Basic Self-Care Tasks

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness Are Associated With Future Morbidity Accumulation in Americans

Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness Are Associated With Future Morbidity Accumulation in Americans

The Associations between Asymmetric Handgrip Strength and Chronic Disease Status in American Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Handgrip strength weakness and asymmetry together are associated with cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients: A prospective cohort study

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