Handheld XRF and Raman equipment for the in situ investigation of Roman finds in the Villa dei Quintili (Rome, Italy)

Alberti, R.; Crupi, V.; Frontoni, Riccardo; Galli, Giuliana; Russa, Mauro Francesco La; Licchelli, Maurizio; Majolino, D.; Malagodi, Marco; Rossi, Barbara; Ruffolo, Silvestro Antonio; Venuti, Valentina

doi:10.1039/c6ja00249h

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nondestructive EDXRF analyses were undertaken thanks to the novel, portable, and high performance EDXRF spectrometer ELIO produced by XGLab srl (software ELIO 1.5.5) and equipped with a low‐power X‐ray tube with Rh anode. The spectrometer is sensitive in the range of 1–40 keV, and it is therefore able to detect elements heavier than Na . This is a highly compact and fast system with a Peltier cooled large area ultrafast Silicon Drift Detector (active area 25mm 2 , energy resolution <135 eV measured on MnKα line [5890 eV] with input photon rate 200.000 counts per second [cps], <150 eV on MnKα at 500.000cps) and good throughput capability, thanks to a new complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Silicon Drift Detector readout (CUBE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectrometer is sensitive in the range of 1-40 keV, and it is therefore able to detect elements heavier than Na. [35] This is a highly compact and fast system with a Peltier cooled large area ultrafast Silicon Drift Detector (active area 25mm 2 , energy resolution <135 eV measured on MnKα line [5890 eV] with input photon rate 200.000 counts per second [cps], <150 eV on MnKα at 500.000cps) and good throughput capability, thanks to a new complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Silicon Drift Detector readout (CUBE). CUBE option enables to get superior energy resolution at short shaping time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The elemental composition of Stradivari's musical instruments: new results through non‐invasive EDXRF analysis

et al. 2017

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During recent decades, many researchers have tried to understand the main influences on the extraordinary sound and beauty of the masterpieces made by the ancient violin makers. This is still a challenge for many others today. Mainly because of a lack of written historical documents, the rediscovery of some of the ancient violin‐making processes was made possible thanks to scientific analyses performed on their materials by means of diagnostic techniques. However, understanding which substances were adopted is a very hard task, because the analyses are influenced by many factors: for example, alterations, wear, retouches, and the heterogeneity of materials. This paper presents some new EDXRF results collected on eight‐stringed musical instruments made by Antonio Stradivari between 1669 and 1734 (“Clisbee” 1669, “Hellier” 1679, “Ford‐Rougemont” 1703, “Joachim‐Ma” 1714, “Russian Federation” viola 1715, “Cremonese” 1715, “Vesuvius” 1727, and “Scotland” 1734) and now preserved at the Museo del Violino in Cremona. A brief comparison with a modern violin made by Simone Ferdinando Sacconi (“Hellier copy” 1941), one of the most eminent violin makers of the 20th century and one of the greatest experts on Stradivari's work, is also provided. This represents the first comparative analysis of a wide number of ancient musical instruments made by the same violin maker over an extended period. A non‐destructive and non‐invasive approach was followed to (a) understand the elemental composition differences between the best conserved and most worn‐out surfaces; (b) check if there are elemental similarities among the finishing materials of violins made in different years by the same violin maker; (c) give new suggestions about the materials used. To distinguish the best conserved areas from the worn‐out ones, a preliminary investigation by UV‐induced fluorescence photography was performed. In addition, stereomicroscopic observations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were performed on selected areas to validate the hypotheses. The results, in some cases comparable with previous research on Stradivari instruments, have increased the pool of information about materials and treatments adopted in the Stradivari workshop.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elemental composition of Stradivari's musical instruments: new results through non‐invasive EDXRF analysis

et al. 2017

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“…The main disadvantage is represented by fluorescence emission from the molecules or other trace compounds in the sample that can cause interference during the analysis. Recently, thanks to the development of miniaturized devices, mobile Raman instruments have been produced that allow in situ investigation of art objects [24][25][26]. The feasibility of fibre optic approach led to the development of portable fibre optic Raman equipments specifically designed for art analysis that revealed successful in investigating pigments of paintings [27].…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy Is a Suitablementioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Spectroscopy in Archaeometry: Some Case Study

Crupi

D’Amico

Denaro

et al. 2018

Journal of Spectroscopy

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We provide an overview of recent results obtained by the innovative application of mobile spectroscopy for in situ investigation in archaeometry. Its growing relevance is linked to the great advantages of avoiding the transport and eventual damage of precious artifacts and of allowing the analysis of those specimens that are, for example, built into infrastructures or in some way permanently affixed. In this context, some case studies of combined instrumental approaches, involving X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy, integrated by infrared thermography (IRT), are, in particular, discussed: the archaeological site of Scifì (Forza d’Agrò, province of Messina, Italy) and the Abbey of SS. Pietro e Paolo d’Agrò (Casalvecchio Siculo, province of Messina, Italy). In the first case, the elemental composition, as obtained by XRF, of two types of mortars belonging to two different chronological phases, dated back between the 3rd and the 5th century AD, allowed us to hypothesize a same origin area of their raw materials and a different production technique. Again, the combined use of XRF and Raman spectroscopies, supported by IRT technique, on pottery fragments of Greek-Hellenistic age and late imperial period, furnished important information concerning the receipts for the pigmenting agents of the finishing layer, allowing in some cases their unambiguous identification. In the second case, XRF data collected on bricks and stones from the external facade of the abbey allowed us to make some hypothesis concerning the provenance of their constituents materials, supposed to be in the area of valley of the river Agrò.

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“…This latter advantage is really important in conservation works, and thanks to the technological development it achieves very satisfactory results, sometimes even better than with laboratory equipment. [ 1,25–29 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of in situ Raman spectroscopy in the study of the health of cement‐based materials of modern buildings during restoration works

Prieto‐Taboada

Gómez-Laserna

Ibarrondo

et al. 2021

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Although Raman spectroscopy is a common technique for the analysis of cement-based materials in the research studies or in the field of Cultural Heritage to carried out multianalytical studies, it is not generally used as unique technique of a research or to carry out analysis during ordinary restoration works of modern urban buildings affected by environmental stressors. The disadvantages associated with Raman spectroscopy as fluorescence limits its implementation beyond research studies, more in the case of in situ equipment. However, the technological development allows high-quality results with in situ equipment, so its use could be useful during restoration works.Thus, this work demonstrates how the implementation of the correct methodology could lead to useful and fast results during restoration works. The proposed methodology is based on the use of in situ analysis (screening) on the scaffolding, followed by the sampling of layers based on the previous screening and a posterior exhaustive laboratory analysis. The research has been conducted during the restoration works of a reinforced concrete building in which the attack of atmospheric acid gases (CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x ) was identified as the main affection suffered, and the fixed sulfates were the most important intermediary compounds of decaying processes. Many of the pollutants and decaying compounds were even identified during the in situ analysis, improving the anticipation and responsiveness. Therefore, this methodology allows the understanding of the chemistry of the materials to evaluate its health state in a fast and reliable way.

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Handheld XRF and Raman equipment for the in situ investigation of Roman finds in the Villa dei Quintili (Rome, Italy)

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

The elemental composition of Stradivari's musical instruments: new results through non‐invasive EDXRF analysis

The elemental composition of Stradivari's musical instruments: new results through non‐invasive EDXRF analysis

Mobile Spectroscopy in Archaeometry: Some Case Study

The potential of in situ Raman spectroscopy in the study of the health of cement‐based materials of modern buildings during restoration works

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