Handling Cell Components in the Production of Multi-Layered Large Format All-Solid-State Batteries with Lithium Anode

In addition, LIBs still suffer from high cost, limited durability, and poor safety. [3] As a consequence, an alternative rechargeable battery system is crucial to cope with the growing demands of electric vehicles. [4] The prior demand for a power battery is security. The conventional power batteries suffered from frequent combustion accidents. The ascending voltage of cathodes will lead to stability concerns. Most of the thermal runaway is triggered by the reaction derived from electrodes. [6] The decomposition of cathode materials releases heat and oxygen and will trigger the combustion of flammable organic electrolytes. However, the high-energy cathode is essential for an energy-dense battery. Hence the substitution of conventional organic electrolytes is feasible to both enhance the energy density and battery safety. [5,7] The replacement of organic liquid electrolytes (OLEs) with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) provides a promising future for the large-scale application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). SSEs with wide electrochemical stability windows and high modulus possess the potential to enable high-capacity electrode materials and prevent Li dendritic deposition. [8] Besides, the SSEs also possess good thermal stability, which enables a wide operation temperature range and avoid the combustion risk. The introduction of SSEs allows a simplified battery design and minimization of inactive materials, consequently increasing energy density at the cell-level. Moreover, the solid-state electrolytes enable the employment of Li metal anodes, which is considered as the most promising anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh g −1 and lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). [9] In conventional organic electrolytes, lithium metal suffers from the unstable solid-state interphase, dendrite penetration, and pulverization issues. [1c,10] The rapid deterioration of LMBs is attributed to the high reactivity of lithium metal. [11] Virtually most conventional OLEs can be reduced at the Li surface, forming unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). During repeated charge-discharge cycles, Li tends to generate dendritic morphology because of nonuniform current/ion distribution. [12] Lithium dendrites normally lead to the fracture and regeneration of SEI, further aggravating the dendrite growth. [12a,13] The The scale-up process of solid-state lithium metal batteries is of great importance in the context of improving the safety and energy density of battery systems. Replacing the conventional organic liquid electrolytes (OLEs) with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) opens a new path for addressing increasing energy demands. Advanced approaches have been validated in lab-scale cells, but only a few successful results can be applied on the practical scale. Herein, the battery systems enabled by SSEs are briefly reviewed and the difficulties and challenges for both lab-level cells and large-scale batteries from...

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“…[ 220 ] Selecting suitable battery configuration is important for the development of practical SSLMBs. [ 221 ]…”

Section: Battery Design and Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Scale‐Up of Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries: The Gaps between Lab‐Level Cells and Practical Large‐Format Batteries

Zhao

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

125

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“…To systematically analyze the production cost of ASSBs, a detailed investigation of the underlying process steps is mandatory. This holds particularly true for the cell stack configuration which has a major influence on the layout of the process steps. Typically, for conventional LIBs, the single galvanic elements in a cell stack are connected in parallel, i.e., the overall cell capacity is increased by joining all anode and all cathode current collector foils, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, more cutting and stacking machines will be required, further increasing the manufacturing cost. Of course, an additional lamination step could be applied for joining bipolar collector and composite cathode before stacking, thus reducing the number of handling steps . However, this would result in further complications such as possible cross‐contamination during sheet cutting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2020

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All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSB) are promising candidates for future energy storage. However, only a little is known about the manufacturing costs for industrial production. Herein, a detailed bottom‐up calculation is performed to estimate the required investment and to facilitate comparison with conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIB). Results indicate that sulfide‐based ASSBs can indeed be competitive if the material compatibility issues can be solved and production is successfully scaled. In contrast, oxide‐based ASSBs will probably not be able to compete if cost is the decisive factor. A sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulation reveals that the inert gas atmosphere required for sulfide‐based ASSBs contributes little to the overall cell costs, whereas the sintering step for oxide‐based ASSBs is highly critical. The calculation also indicates that in‐house manufacturing of the lithium anode will be cheaper than purchasing the lithium foil externally if the cell producer has sufficient processing know‐how. Finally, the aerosol deposition method is investigated, revealing that a deposition rate far above 1000 mm3 min−1 would be required to make the technology economically feasible in ASSB production. The results of this study will help researchers and industry prioritize development efforts and push the scale‐up of future high‐energy batteries with improved performance.

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“…The galvanic cell (The galvanic cells can be stacked in parallel, with one of each anode and cathode layers sharing one current collector as a bipolar stack where each current collector is sandwiched between one anode and one cathode layer (Figure S2, Supporting Information) [ 20 ] ) of an ASSB is composed of one or two current collectors, the anode layer, a SES layer, and cathode layer ( Figure 4 ). The collector foils are defined by their material properties, layer thicknesses, and the cost per unit area (in $ m − 2 ).…”

Section: Technology Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of ASSB cells for electrochemical research purposes and first process sequences of different technologies are described in various publications. [ 11,15–24 ] However, a systematic study on processing routes considering every value‐adding production step and related parameters in dependence of the cell design is omitted. Novel materials and components of ASSBs are characterized by interdependencies among each other, [ 25 ] which in turn are affecting the respective production steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Processing Routes for the Production of All‐Solid‐State Batteries—Modeling Interdependencies of Product and Process

2020

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The expansion of renewable energies and the enactment of laws to reduce emissions are encouraged by climate policies. As part of this, the electrification of the global automotive market is progressing but still suffers from customer unacceptance. [1,2] In the future, the usage of electric vehicles will highly depend on the progress of associated technical core components such as the lithium-ion battery (LIB). [3] The development of energy storage, therefore, is of decisive importance to optimize sustainable energy systems and to mitigate environmental pollution. [4,5] LIBs are the key technology in electric vehicles to accomplish market and customer requirements. [6] These relate especially to the driving range and the charging time [7] throughout operational safety. [8] The main proposed advantage of the all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) is their increased safety, which results from replacing the flammable and toxic liquid electrolyte in LIBs with a solid ion conductor. Furthermore, the application of metal anodes, e.g., pure lithium, to enhance the energy and power density is discussed to be most likely achieved by the use of a dense and mechanically stable solid electrolyte. [9] Although polymers, sulfidic, ceramic oxide-based and halide materials are identified as promising solid-state electrolytes, [10] challenges arise in the identification of material compatibilities, suitable cell designs, and production technologies. [11] Yet, the development of production processes for thin-layer [12] and large-format ASSBs is crucial for successfully bridging the gap between laboratory research and the industrial market. [13,14] The production of ASSB cells for electrochemical research purposes and first process sequences of different technologies are described in various publications. [11,15-24] However, a systematic study on processing routes considering every value-adding production step and related parameters in dependence of the cell design is omitted. Novel materials and components of ASSBs are characterized by interdependencies among each other, [25] which in turn are affecting the respective production steps. [19] (Electro-)chemical obstacles regarding the choice of materials, blocking interfaces, and instabilities influence the scalability of processes. The high uncertainty about a suitable production line, therefore, has a major impact on impeding the industrial application. [21] In this article, a detailed system model for ASSBs and scalable production technologies is presented. Interdependencies between the processes and the product structure of ASSBs are considered. The method consists of five sub-models, which

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Handling Cell Components in the Production of Multi-Layered Large Format All-Solid-State Batteries with Lithium Anode

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Toward the Scale‐Up of Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries: The Gaps between Lab‐Level Cells and Practical Large‐Format Batteries

Toward the Scale‐Up of Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries: The Gaps between Lab‐Level Cells and Practical Large‐Format Batteries

Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

Scalable Processing Routes for the Production of All‐Solid‐State Batteries—Modeling Interdependencies of Product and Process

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