Handling Qualities of a New Last-Mile Vehicle

D’hondt, Jordi; Degryse, Dominiek; Demeester, Eric; Slaets, Peter; Juwet, Marc

doi:10.4236/jtts.2022.121009

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Similar research by Malik et al also suggested a strong interaction effect between weather and travel distance [ 15 ]. Insufficient braking and possible safety risks have also been reported reported by D'hondt et al [ 10 ]. Moreover, some attention have also been given to the safety of the cargo bike with retrofitted child seats [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Analyzing the impact of bicycle geometry and cargo loading on the rideability and safety of cargo bikes: An investigative study

Paudel,

Yap

2024

Heliyon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Heavy cargo loads could significantly affect the stability, handling, braking and setting-off performance [ 9 ]. Moreover, cargo bikes with longer wheelbases could be challenging to negotiate turns in narrow shared paths [ 4 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the impact of bicycle geometry and cargo loading on the rideability and safety of cargo bikes: An investigative study

Paudel,

Yap

2024

Heliyon

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“…The vehicle is designed to be stable and manoeuvrable, independent of the payload. The tricycle consists of a tilting front driver module that allows the driver to tilt while manoeuvring, resulting in a comfortable driving feeling [1].…”

Section: Tricycle Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new concept vehicle for last-mile delivery in city centres has been developed [1]. A custom Pedal Series Hybrid Drivetrain (PSHD) was used as the means of propulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedalling Comfort of a Custom Pedal Series Hybrid Drivetrain in a Cargo E-Tricycle

D’hondt

Slaets

Demeester

et al. 2022

Engineering Science & Technology

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A Pedal Series Hybrid Drivetrain (PSHD) uses an electrical power transmission rather than a chain, belt, or shaft. It creates exciting opportunities for the vehicle's design, but pedalling does not always feel comfortable. This study evaluates the pedalling comfort of a custom PSHD in an electric cargo tricycle. In this PSHD, pedal-drive generator converts human mechanical power to electrical power that is used by two hub motors to propel the vehicle. The pedal-driven generator is mechanically decoupled from the propulsion of the vehicle. Therefore, natural pedalling is replicated using a custom programmable controller for the mechanical resistance of the generator. Test subjects reported a very comfortable pedalling feeling, however slightly different from the feeling of a traditional e-bike. They failed to explain the differences in more detail. Further measurements show that the pedal generator of the PSHD has the same power cycle as the pedals in a traditional e-bike, but the pedal generator has a greater variation in the instantaneous angular velocity.

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Effects of a Torsion Spring Used in a Flexible Delta Tricycle

et al. 2022

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A new tilting delta tricycle is developed as a last-mile vehicle. This vehicle has a hinge between the front driver module and the rear cargo module to allow the driver to tilt while maneuvering. The driver module resembles a conventional bicycle without a rear wheel and the cargo module consists of a cargo area between two propelled rear wheels. The concept vehicle ensures proper handling qualities independent of the cargo. However, the driver module can still tip over when parked. Multiple solutions are being considered to improve the ergonomics of this vehicle. A metal-elastomer torsion spring with an integrated angle limit has the most advantages as this prevents the driver module from tipping over without requiring it to enable a mechanism while stepping off. Furthermore, the torsion system dampens vibrations while cycling and influences tilting while turning. These improvements are tested using the concept vehicle. The influence of this torsion system is calculated and validated with measurements. The influences of different torsion curves aimed to improve the low-speed stability are calculated.

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Handling Qualities of a New Last-Mile Vehicle

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Analyzing the impact of bicycle geometry and cargo loading on the rideability and safety of cargo bikes: An investigative study

Analyzing the impact of bicycle geometry and cargo loading on the rideability and safety of cargo bikes: An investigative study

Pedalling Comfort of a Custom Pedal Series Hybrid Drivetrain in a Cargo E-Tricycle

Effects of a Torsion Spring Used in a Flexible Delta Tricycle

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