Handling time and predation behaviour by the crab, <i>Cancer pagurus</i>
, preying on cultured scallop, <i>Pecten maximus</i>

Grefsrud, Ellen Sofie; Strand, Øivind; Haugum, Geir Askvik

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00927.x

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, the rate of survival of seeded scallops, termed the survival rate, is determined by the level of losses from dispersion and predation during the sea ranching phase. Sea stars and crabs are generally thought to have the largest predatory impact on seeded scallops of a variety of species (Barbeau and Scheibling 1994a; Barbeau and Scheibling 1994b;Cliche et al 1994; Barbeau et al 1996;Hatcher et al 1996; Barbeau et al 1998;Strand et al 2002;Grefsrud et al 2003;Barbeau 2003, 2005;, although fish also may reduce numbers of smaller scallops (Strohmeier et al 2006). Trials have shown that fencing areas of the seabed can limit the access of crabs to seeded scallops (Strand et al 2004); however, methodologies commonly used to exclude crabs do not exclude sea stars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…During sea ranching, fences have been shown to reduce predation by brown crabs resulting in increased P. maximus survival from \5 to 89% (Strand et al 2004). Although both crabs (Grefsrud et al 2003;Strand et al 2004) and fish (Strohmeier et al 2006) have been identified as potential predators on P. maximus in Norway, there is no known study of the impact of sea stars. The sea stars Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis are important bivalve predators in shallow water ecosystems in western Norway (Wiborg 1946).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Potential predation rates by the sea stars Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis, on juvenile scallops, Pecten maximus, ready for sea ranching

Magnesen

Redmond

2011

Aquacult Int

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The potential for predation by the sea stars Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis on seed-size (41 ± 3 mm shell height) juvenile scallops (Pecten maximus), ready for seeding in sea ranching areas, was investigated in a 30-day laboratory predation experiment. There was no significant difference (P [ 0.05) in predation rate of large A. rubens (95-115 mm radium) and large M. glacialis (120-164 mm radius), which averaged 0.88 and 0.71 scallops individual -1 day -1 , respectively. Maximum rates of predation were 2.44 scallops individual -1 day -1 for large A. rubens and 3.00 scallops individual -1 day -1 for large M. glacialis. Small M. glacialis (76-87 mm radius) had a significantly lower predation rate than large individuals of either species (average 0.13 scallops individual -1 day -1 , P \ 0.05). Small A. rubens (50-80 mm radius) only began to prey on scallops when average scallop size was reduced to 35 mm. Based on estimated density of sea stars at a Norwegian sea ranching site and average predation rates, a population of scallops seeded at 10 m -2 would be reduced by between 0.5 and 11% in 1 month. Furthermore, using the highest observed predation rate, the degree of loss of scallops indicated that scallop culture via sea ranching would not be economically viable and thus methods for reducing scallop predation by sea stars are necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Potential predation rates by the sea stars Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis, on juvenile scallops, Pecten maximus, ready for sea ranching

Magnesen

Redmond

2011

Aquacult Int

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“…Native predators learn to attack caged aquaculture stocks (Sepulveda & Oliva 2005), as well as crops grown on open rope or bottom stocks. For example, the impacts of several native predators have been documented for cultured scallops (Lopez, Riquelme, & Gonzalez 2000; Grefsrud, Strand & Haugum 2003; Wong & Barbeau 2006), mussels (Inglis & Gust 2003), clams (Miron, Audet, Landry & Moriyasu 2005), and oysters (Pit & Southgate 2003; Wu, Liu, Meng, Chiu & Liu 2006). Further, there is evidence that domestication of aquaculture crops can result in increased vulnerability to predation (Brokordt, Fernandez & Gaymer 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a native predatory whelk on cultivated oysters (Crassostrea gigas) crops in San Quintin Bay, Mexico

Rodríguez

2009

Aquaculture Research

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San Quintin Bay (Baja, California, Mexico) is extensively utilized by artisanal farmers to cultivate Paci¢c oysters (Crassostrea gigas) using a rope/rack system. A large juvenile oyster mortality event was signi¢cantly correlated with the presence of native predatory whelks, Macron trochlea. Surveys, ¢eld and lab experiments were performed to identify the predatory behaviour of the whelk, determine factors a¡ecting oyster mortality, and quantify the impact on oyster farmers. Macron trochlea was found to be a voracious, active predator, which can consume $ 4 juvenile oysters day À 1 . Juvenile oysters su¡er signi¢cantly higher mortality in the presence of whelks. Macron trochlea has the largest impact on small oysters. Once oysters grow to 430 mm they reach a size refuge above which there is much lower mortality. At average growth rates, an oyster can escape predation after $ 3 months. But, in areas of highest whelk densities, at average predation rates, whelks could consume the standing crop of juvenile oysters in approximately 43 days. For the artisanal oyster farmers of San Quintin this represents a substantial economic loss, which was unaccounted for previously. Farmers can reduce loss to whelk predation by seeding juvenile oysters in low whelk density areas until oysters reach the size refuge.

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“…Similarly, crabs use their chelae to chip and stab at the gape of Saxidomus giganteus clams but attempt to crush the tightly closed Protothaca staminea clams (Boulding, 1984). Prey size also matters to gulls (O'Brien et al, 2005) and crabs (Grefsrud, Strand, & Haugum, 2003, on scallops; Boulding, 1984, on P. staminea ; Jubb, Hughes, & Rheinallt, 1983, on M. edulis ). Octopuses face more choices as they have not one but several penetration techniques, and their use is the subject of this article.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The packaging problem: Bivalve prey selection and prey entry techniques of the octopus Enteroctopus dofleini.

Anderson

Mather

2007

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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Many predators face a complex step of prey preparation before consumption. Octopuses faced with bivalve prey use several techniques to penetrate the shells to gain access to the meat inside. When given prey of mussels Mytilus trossulus, Manila clams Venerupis philippinarum, and littleneck clams Protothaca staminea, Enteroctopus dofleini solved the problem differently. They pulled apart V. philippinarum and M. trossulus, which had the thinnest shells and the least pulling resistance. P. staminea were eaten after the shells had been chipped or had been penetrated by drilling, presumably to inject a toxin. Likely because of these differences, octopuses consumed more V. philippinarum and M. trossulus than P. staminea when the mollusks were given to them either 1 species at a time or all together. However, when the shells were separated and the penetration problem removed, the octopuses predominantly chose P. staminea and nearly ignored M. trossulus. When V. philippinarum were wired shut, octopuses switched techniques. These results emphasize that octopuses can learn on the basis of nonvisual information and monitor their body position to carry out feeding actions.

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Handling time and predation behaviour by the crab, Cancer pagurus , preying on cultured scallop, Pecten maximus

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Potential predation rates by the sea stars Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis, on juvenile scallops, Pecten maximus, ready for sea ranching

Potential predation rates by the sea stars Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis, on juvenile scallops, Pecten maximus, ready for sea ranching

Impact of a native predatory whelk on cultivated oysters (Crassostrea gigas) crops in San Quintin Bay, Mexico

The packaging problem: Bivalve prey selection and prey entry techniques of the octopus Enteroctopus dofleini.

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