Handover Process of Autonomous Vehicles – Technology and Application Challenges

Abstract

Self-driving technologies introduced new challenges to the control engineering community. Autonomous vehicles with limited automation capabilities require constant human supervision, and human drivers have to be able to take back control at any time, which is called handover. This is a critical process in terms of safety, thus appropriate handover modeling is fundamental in design, simulation and education related to selfdriving cars. This article reviews the literature of handover processes, situation awareness and control-oriented human driver models. It unifies the psychological and physiological control theory models to create a parameterized engineering tool to quantify the handover processes.

Work with AI and Work for AI: Autonomous Vehicle Safety Drivers’ Lived Experiences

“…The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) established defined 6 levels of AV to distinguish the responsibilities between the driver and the vehicle, ranging from Level 0 (no automation) to Level 5 (full automation) [14]. Level 1 and Level 2 are commonly referred to as "advanced driver-assistance systems" (ADAS), in which the human driver is in charge of driving tasks and receives assistance from the automation system; Level 3 is able to carry out critical driving tasks under certain conditions, and human drivers are supposed to continuously monitor and take control at all times; Level 4 automation is capable of performing all dynamic driving tasks under specific conditions, and a human driver may take control as necessary; At the highest level, Level 5 is able to perform all driving tasks under any circumstances without any intervention from the driver [24,78]. The fully automated system without any human intervention is the desired future of AV.…”

A Method for Mapping V2X Communication Requirements to Highly Automated and Autonomous Vehicle Functions

“…At Level 0, V2X technology refers to the communication and exchange of information between vehicles and the surrounding infrastructure, including other vehicles, pedestrians, traffic signals and road infrastructure. It enables vehicles to share real-time data such as speed, position and intentions with other connected entities, allowing for enhanced situational awareness [46]. At this level, V2X technology plays a crucial role in providing important safety-related information to the human driver, e.g., warnings about hazardous road conditions, traffic congestion or the presence of emergency vehicles.…”