Hanford high-level waste melter system evaluation data packages

Elliott, M.L.; Shafer, P.J.; Lamar, D.A.; Merrill, Richard A.; Grunewald, Will; Roth, Georg; Tobie, W.

doi:10.2172/202349

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Reviews of melter technologies for application to Hanford tank waste immobilization detail the pros and cons of each along with more information on their designs 25,37–40 . The conclusions of these studies suggest that advanced JHCMs and CCIMs are best suited to vitrification of U.S. legacy tank wastes.…”

Section: Melter Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Waste Vitrification in the United States: Recent Developments and Future Options

Vienna

2010

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

198

130

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Nuclear power plays a key role in maintaining current worldwide energy growth while minimizing the greenhouse gas emissions. A disposition path for used nuclear fuel (UNF) must be found for this technology to achieve its promise. One likely option is to recycle UNF and immobilize the high‐level waste (HLW) by vitrification. Vitrification is the technology of choice for immobilizing HLW from defense and commercial fuel reprocessing around the world. Recent advances in both recycling technology and vitrification show great promise in closing the U.S. nuclear fuel cycle in an efficient fashion. This article summarizes the recent trends, developments, and future options in waste vitrification for both defense waste cleanup and closing the nuclear fuel cycle in the United States.

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Section: Melter Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Waste Vitrification in the United States: Recent Developments and Future Options

Vienna

2010

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

198

130

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“…The LFCM, first developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 1970 has been fully developed, tested, and deployed at the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP), DWPF and a number of international waste vitrification plants; and therefore represents the most mature technology for treatment of current US HLW inventories. The LFCM was selected for Hanford HLW vitrification after a number of expert reviews of potential melter technologies (Brinko et al 2003;Calmus 1995;Elliott et al 1996;Perez et al 2001) and was the technology proposed by the contractors selected for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP), Tank Waste Remediation System -Privatization (TWRS-P), and WTP projects. The selection of the LFCM, in each case, was primarily due to good general performance and high technical readiness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicate Based Glass Formulations for Immobilization of U.S. Defense Wastes Using Cold Crucible Induction Melters

Smith¹,

Kim²,

Schweiger³

et al. 2014

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The cold crucible induction melter (CCIM) is an alternative technology to the currently deployed liquid-fed, ceramic-lined, Joule-heated melter (LFCM) for immobilizing of U.S. tank waste generated from defense related reprocessing. In order to accurately evaluate the potential benefits of deploying a CCIM, glasses must be developed specifically for that melting technology. Related glass formulation efforts have been conducted since the 1990s including a recent study that is first documented in this report (Section 4.0). The purpose of this report is to summarize the silicate based glass formulation efforts for CCIM testing of U.S. tank wastes. Summaries of phosphate based glass formulation and phosphate and silicate based CCIM demonstration tests are reported separately (Day and Ray 2013 and Marra 2013, respectively). Combined these three reports summarize the current state of knowledge related to waste form development and process testing of CCIM technology for U.S. tank wastes. Unique aspects of the CCIM technology allow for higher processing temperatures and higher tolerance to solid inclusions in the melt as compared to the LFCM. Insufficient testing and system design work has been performed to identify the exact melter processing related glass property limits. However, a preliminary set of limits has been developed based on the testing performed to date. These limits include: viscosity at the melting temperature (T M) between 0.6 to 6 Pa•s, electrical conductivity at T M between 20 to 80 S/m, spinel content in the melt of ≤10 volume % at T M , and no metal or ceramic corrosion limits. These preliminary limits can serve as a starting point for glass formulation until sufficient testing data is available to refine them. Hanford tank wastes from tanks C-102 (characterized by high-aluminum) and 244-TX (high-iron) were selected for glass formulation development in this study. They are two among eight tank wastes with appreciable quantity of large particulate Pu oxide and Pu metal that could challenge the criticality safety for these Hanford tanks and possibly the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The C-102 glass with 34 wt% Al 2 O 3 (54.4 wt% waste loading) was successfully formulated to satisfy the major constraints for the high-alumina glasses, crystallinity after slow cooling and product consistency test (PCT) of as-prepared and slow cooled glasses. The glass formulation with high-iron 244-TX waste also resulted in the maximum loading of 34 wt% Fe 2 O 3 (55.9 wt% waste loading) that satisfy the major constraints for the 244-TX glasses, no salt formation and PCT of as-prepared and slow cooled glasses. The C-102 glass with 34 wt% Al 2 O 3 was recommended for CCIM melter testing and was fully characterized for all the properties required for melter operation. A number of glasses have been formulated to take advantage of the higher processing temperature and tolerance to solid inclusions aspects of the CCIM and are summarized in this report. Generally, waste loading can be increased for ...

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Preliminary Technology Maturation Plan for Immobilization of High-Level Waste in Glass Ceramics

Vienna¹,

Crum²,

Sevigny³

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYA technology maturation plan (TMP) was developed for immobilization of high-level waste (HLW) raffinate in a glass-ceramic waste form using a cold-crucible induction melter (CCIM). The TMP was prepared by the following process: 1) define the reference process and boundaries of the technology being matured, 2) evaluate the technology elements and identify the critical technology elements (CTE), 3) identify the technology readiness level (TRL) of each of the CTE's using the DOE G 413.3-4, 4) describe the development and demonstration activities required to advance the TRLs to 4 and 6 in order, and 5) prepare a preliminary plan to conduct the development and demonstration. Results of the technology readiness assessment identified five CTE's and found relatively low TRL's for each of them: Although the TRL's are low for most of these CTE's (TRL-1) primarily because the specific waste stream is not known or tested, the effort required to advance them to higher values is relatively low. A TRL of 2 would be obtained by completing an initial waste composition/property estimate, a preliminary engineering study, some additional laboratory scale tests of the glass-ceramic, and a mixing and sampling test. Relatively little additional effort is required to advance the technology to TRL-3.The activities required to advance the TRL's through level 6 include: A preliminary schedule and budget were developed to complete these activities as summarized in the following table (assuming 2012 dollars). Preliminary Technology Maturation Plan for FCRD-SWF-2012-000152Immobilization of High-Level Waste in Glass-Ceramics This TMP is intended to guide the development of the glass-ceramic waste form and process to the point where it is ready for industrialization.

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Hanford high-level waste melter system evaluation data packages

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Nuclear Waste Vitrification in the United States: Recent Developments and Future Options

Nuclear Waste Vitrification in the United States: Recent Developments and Future Options

Silicate Based Glass Formulations for Immobilization of U.S. Defense Wastes Using Cold Crucible Induction Melters

Preliminary Technology Maturation Plan for Immobilization of High-Level Waste in Glass Ceramics

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