Hanford Tank 241-C-106: Impact of Cement Reactions on Release of Contaminants from Residual Waste

Deutsch, William J.; Krupka, Kenneth M.; Lindberg, Michael J.; Cantrell, Kirk J.; Brown, Christopher F.; Schaef, Herbert T.

doi:10.2172/894477

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The XRD patterns do not contain any reflections that correspond to the most intense reflection (I/I o =100%) for böhmite (PDF 00-021-1307) at 14.49°2θ. Böhmite was previously identified in combination with gibbsite in oxalate-treated C-106 post retrieval waste from tank C-106 (Deutsch et al 2006(Deutsch et al , 2007a. The XRD patterns (Table 3.81) for the leached samples are also consistent with the presence of hematite (Fe 2 O 3 , PDF 01-089-0597).…”

Section: Xrd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The solid-phase characterization data for the C-106 residual waste is described in Deutsch et al (2006Deutsch et al ( , 2007a. Some fundamental differences in the chemistry of these two residual wastes due to methods used for final sludge removal should be noted.…”

Section: Comparison Of Solid-phase Characterization Results To Those mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found persuasive evidence for the incorporation of U in the structure of hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ). Hematite was identified by XRD in samples of unleached and leached C-103 residual waste (see Section 2.3), and was also identified in samples of unleached pre-retrieval AY-102 waste ) and oxalate-treated C-106 post retrieval waste (Deutsch et al 2006(Deutsch et al , 2007a.…”

Section: Ca -P -O • Probably a Phosphate Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hanford Tank 241-C-103 Residual Waste Contaminant Release Models and Supporting Data

Cantrell¹,

Krupka²,

Deutsch³

et al. 2008

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SummaryAs directed by Congress, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the Office of River Protection in 1998 to manage DOE's largest, most complex environmental cleanup project -retrieval of radioactive waste from Hanford Site tanks for treatment and eventual disposal. Sixty percent by volume of the nation's high-level radioactive waste is stored at Hanford in aging deteriorating tanks. If not cleaned up, this waste is a threat to the Columbia River and the Pacific Northwest.CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. is the Office of River Protection prime contractor responsible for the storage, retrieval, and disposal of Hanford tank waste. As part of this effort, CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. contracted with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to develop release models for key contaminants present in residual waste remaining in Hanford tank 241-C-103 (C-103). This report tabulates data generated by laboratory characterization and testing of three samples collected from this tank. The data presented here forms the basis of the release models developed for tank C-103. These release models were developed to support the tank performance assessments performed by CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. for DOE.Results of the Tier 1 laboratory characterization and testing of the C-103 samples indicate that Al is the largest single metal component of the waste (12 to 16 wt% for the three samples). Based on this result and assuming the Al occurs primarily as gibbsite [Al(OH) 3 ], aluminum phases would account for 35 to 46 wt% of the residual waste. Other major metal components (Fe, Na, Si, and U) occurred at significantly lower concentrations (0.90 to 1.7%, 0.7 to 0.9%, 0.8 to 1.0%, and 0.3 to 0.4%, respectively). Uranium ( 238 U) was the most concentrated contaminant of concern in the C-103 residual waste samples, occurring at 3,300 to 4,200 μg/g-dry waste. Leach tests were conducted with three leachant solutions; double deionized water, Ca(OH) 2 -saturated water , and CaCO 3 -saturated. Two types of leach tests were conducted with each of these three leachants, 1 month single-contact leach tests and periodic replenishment tests. Key results from the leach tests are that the future release of the primary contaminants of concern from C-103 residual waste typically represents less than 10% of the total contaminant concentration in the residual waste. That is, the contaminants are not appreciably soluble in the DDI water, Ca(OH) 2 , and CaCO 3 leachants. For example, the cumulative amount of U leached by the DDI water leaching solution during six sequential stages of leaching ranged from 3.8 to 6.9% of the total U. The corresponding percentages of U leached by the Ca(OH) 2 leaching solution were significantly lower, ranging from 0.0 to 0.006%. The percentages of U leached by the CaCO 3 leaching solution were higher, ranging from 12.6 to 13.8%. The cumulative leachable percentages for 99 Tc were also low, ranging from 3.7 to 7.1% for all samples and extract solutions. The cumulative leachable percentages for Cr were also low,...

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Section: Xrd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Comparison Of Solid-phase Characterization Results To Those mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ca -P -O • Probably a Phosphate Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hanford Tank 241-C-103 Residual Waste Contaminant Release Models and Supporting Data

Cantrell¹,

Krupka²,

Deutsch³

et al. 2008

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“…This is the first report from this PNNL project to describe the composition and leach test data for residual waste from a salt-cake tank. All previous PNNL reports (Cantrell et al 2008;Deutsch et al 2006Deutsch et al , 2007aDeutsch et al , 2007bDeutsch et al , 2007c describing contaminant release models, and characterization and testing results for residual waste in SSTs were based on samples from sludge tanks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanford Tank 241-S-112 Residual Waste Composition and Leach Test Data

Cantrell¹,

Krupka²,

Geiszler³

et al. 2008

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SummaryAs directed by Congress, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the Office of River Protection in 1998 to manage DOE's largest, most complex environmental cleanup project -retrieval of radioactive waste from Hanford Site tanks for treatment and eventual disposal. Sixty percent by volume of the nation's high-level radioactive waste is stored at the Hanford Site in aging, deteriorating tanks. If not cleaned up, this waste is a threat to the nearby Columbia River and the Pacific Northwest.CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. is the DOE Office of River Protection's prime contractor responsible for the storage, retrieval, and disposal of Hanford Site tank waste. As part of this effort, CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. contracted with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to conduct testing for selected key contaminants present in residual waste remaining in the single-shell tank 241-S-112 (S-112).This report presents the results of laboratory characterization, testing, and analysis of two samples (designated 20406 and 20407) of residual waste collected from tank S-112 after final waste retrieval. These studies were completed to characterize the residual waste and assess the leachability of contaminants from the solids. This is the first report from this PNNL project to describe the composition and leach test data for residual waste from a salt cake tank. All previous PNNL reports describing contaminant release models, and characterization and testing results for residual waste in single-shell tanks were based on samples from sludge tanks. iv important component of this encrustation. The SEM/EDS analysis also revealed the presence of Fe oxides, a Ca-Cr-O phase, a Pb-Cl±O phase, and possibly one or more silicate phases, but particles with these compositions were very rare in the tank S-112 residual waste.Results of the Tier 1 analysis of the bulk composition of tank S-112 samples indicate that Al is the largest, single metal component of the waste (7.1 to 8.4 wt% for the two samples). Other major metal components (Na, Fe, Cr, and Si) occurred at lower concentrations, ranging from 4.7 to 5.2%, 0.21 to 0.24%, 0.17 to 0.18%, and 0.10 to 0.14%, respectively, for the two samples. Based on these results and assuming Al occurs primarily as gibbsite, this Al phase would account for 21 to 24 wt% of the residual waste. The residual waste compositions determined in this study were generally consistent with those determined by the 222-S Laboratory, except for the concentrations determined for Al. 3 dilution (Le Chatelier's principle). For Ca, researchers determined that nearly all Ca in the extracts cameThe average Al concentration determined from the 222-S Laboratory results was 29.1 wt% (dry wt basis). If all Al occurred as gibbsite, this would account for 84% of the mass of the residual waste. This result is more consistent with PNNL's XRD and SEM/EDS results compared to those from the bulk composition analyses. Based on these comparisons, PNNL's Al concentrations for the unleached (as received) bulk solid appear t...

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“…Previous work to characterize and develop release models has been completed for final residual waste collected from five SSTs: C-106 (Deutsch et al 2006(Deutsch et al , 2007a; C-202, C-203 (Deutsch et al 2007c); C-103 (Cantrell et al 2008a); and S-112 (Cantrell et al 2008b). With the exception of one salt cake tank (S-112), all previous work describing characterization results and contaminant release models for final tank residual waste in SSTs were based on samples from sludge tanks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanford Site Tank 241-C-108 Residual Waste Contaminant Release Models and Supporting Data

Cantrell¹,

Krupka²,

Geiszler³

et al. 2010

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SummaryThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection prime contractor, Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC (WRPS), is responsible for the storage, retrieval, and disposal of Hanford Site tank waste. As part of this effort, WRPS contracted with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to conduct testing for selected key contaminants present in residual waste remaining in the single-shell tank 241-C-108 (C-108). Release model data will be used to support tank closure performance assessments that will be performed by WRPS. This report presents the results from laboratory characterization, testing, and analysis of a tank C-108 post modified sluicing residual waste composite sample (designated 20578). The tank C-108 residual waste sample was taken following an assessment that determined through material balance data the modified retrieval sluicing system deployed at the tank could no longer efficiently retrieve waste (met the limit of the technology). These studies were completed to characterize concentration and form of contaminant of interest in the residual waste; assess the leachability of contaminants from the solids; and develop release models for contaminants of interest. It is expected that additional retrieval processing will take place. As a result, the sample analyzed here is not expected to represent final retrieval sample. Total elemental analysis using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) acid digestion method, indicates that tank C-108 partial retrieval residual waste (sample 20578) is composed of the following major elements Na at 15.5%, Al at 12.3%, P at 4.0%, Fe at 1.6%, Ni at 0.22%, U at 0.18%, and Mn at 0.13%. Concentrations of 99 Tc and 238 U were determined to be 0.636 µg/g waste (0.0108 µCi/g) and 1870 µg/g waste (6.27 × 10 -4 µCi/g). O], sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ), nickel oxide hydroxide (NiOOH), and nitratine (NaNO 3 ). Solid phase characterization by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analyses indicated the majority of the particles in the as-received tank C-108 composite sample are composed of Al-Na-O-P-F, Al-Na-O-P, Na-O-P-F, Na-O-P, Al-Na-O, and Na-O, all in variable proportions. Note that all phases could also potentially contain H and C, which cannot be quantified by EDS. Combining the XRD with the SEM/EDS results, the following conclusions can be made regarding the presence of solid phases in the tank C-108 residual waste composite sample:• Gibbsite was the major phase present and appears to be coated and mixed with variable amounts of phases such as natrophosphate, sodium fluoride phosphate hydrate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium nitrate• Fe-oxides occurred as a minor phase. Its particles were coated and mixed with variable amounts of other solid phases such as natrophosphate, sodium fluoride phosphate hydrate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium nitrate• Minor amounts of Ni and traces of other metals such as Pb, Zn, and Cu, were associated with the Fe-ox...

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Hanford Tank 241-C-106: Impact of Cement Reactions on Release of Contaminants from Residual Waste

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Hanford Tank 241-C-103 Residual Waste Contaminant Release Models and Supporting Data

Hanford Tank 241-C-103 Residual Waste Contaminant Release Models and Supporting Data

Hanford Tank 241-S-112 Residual Waste Composition and Leach Test Data

Hanford Site Tank 241-C-108 Residual Waste Contaminant Release Models and Supporting Data

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