Hanging by the tail: progenitor populations proliferate

Molnár, Zoltán; Vasistha, Navneet A.; García-Moreno, Fernando

doi:10.1038/nn.2817

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Much of our knowledge on the human brain and psychiatric diseases stems from rodent models. However, the human cortex is significantly larger than the rodent's with extra cortical germinal layers (Molnar et al, 2011). Particularly relevant to interneuron disease is the fact that the human and rodent brains differ in the ratio of inhibitory/excitatory neurons.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells: prospects for neurological and psychiatric disease

Arber¹,

Li²

2013

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Cortical interneurons represent 20% of the cells in the cortex. These cells are local inhibitory neurons whose function is to modulate the firing activities of the excitatory projection neurons. Cortical interneuron dysfunction is believed to lead to runaway excitation underlying (or implicated in) seizure-based diseases, such as epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia. The complex development of this cell type and the intricacies involved in defining the relative subtypes are being increasingly well defined. This has led to exciting experimental cell therapy in model organisms, whereby fetal-derived interneuron precursors can reverse seizure severity and reduce mortality in adult epileptic rodents. These proof-of-principle studies raise hope for potential interneuron-based transplantation therapies for treating epilepsy. On the other hand, cortical neurons generated from patient iPSCs serve as a valuable tool to explore genetic influences of interneuron development and function. This is a fundamental step in enhancing our understanding of the molecular basis of neuropsychiatric illnesses and the development of targeted treatments. Protocols are currently being developed for inducing cortical interneuron subtypes from mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. This review sets out to summarize the progress made in cortical interneuron development, fetal tissue transplantation and the recent advance in stem cell differentiation toward interneurons.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells: prospects for neurological and psychiatric disease

Arber¹,

Li²

2013

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…While IPCs usually undergo terminal asymmetric division to produce a neuron, the division of IPCs may be symmetric to achieve self-renewal, depending on their situation (Noctor et al 2004;Miyata et al 2010). IPCs are assumed to be involved in the development of the neocortex during mammalian evolution, because IPCs have a high ability of self-renewal and neurogenesis during the neocortical development (Molnar et al 2011).…”

Section: Development Of the Neocortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonic hedgehog signaling coordinates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells by regulating cell cycle kinetics during development of the neocortex

Komada¹

2012

Congenital Anomalies

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Sonic hedgehog (Shh) acts as a morphogen in normal development of various vertebrate tissues and organs. Shh signaling is essential for patterning and cell-fate specification, particularly in the central nervous system. Shh signaling plays different roles depending on its concentration, area, and timing of exposure. During the development of the neocortex, a low level of Shh is expressed in the neural stem/progenitor cells as well as in mature neurons in the dorsal telencephalon. Shh signaling in neocortex development has been shown to regulate cell cycle kinetics of radial glial cells and intermediate progenitor cells, thereby maintaining the proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons in the neocortex. During the development of the telencephalon, endogenous Shh signaling is involved in the transition of slow-cycling neural stem cells to fast-cycling neural progenitor cells. It seems that high-level Shh signaling in the ventral telencephalon is essential for ventral specification, while low-level Shh signaling in the dorsal telencephalon plays important roles in the fine-tuning of cell cycle kinetics. The Shh levels and multiple functions of Shh signaling are important for proper corticogenesis in the developing brain. The present paper discusses the roles of Shh signaling in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells.

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“…The author also discusses developmental changes in the germinal zone: 'The cytoarchitectural organization of the paraventricular zone (PVZ) is quite complex with numerous free-ascending glial cell precursors with complex leading processes and large thin-walled blood vessels covered by numerous glial processes'. These observations are relevant in light of the recent findings of Hansen et al (2010) (Wang et al, 2011b;Molná r et al, 2011). The author also comments on interneurons.…”

Section: Dynamic Developmental Transformation Of Cells and Cortical Cmentioning

confidence: 65%

The need for research on human brain development

Molnár

2011

Brain

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Hanging by the tail: progenitor populations proliferate

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Cortical interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells: prospects for neurological and psychiatric disease

Cortical interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells: prospects for neurological and psychiatric disease

Sonic hedgehog signaling coordinates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells by regulating cell cycle kinetics during development of the neocortex

The need for research on human brain development

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