Hantavirus outbreak during military manoeuvres in Germany

Clément, Jan; Underwood, Page Y; Ward, Diane McVey; Pilaski, J.; LeDuc, James W.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90519-x

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…R reactive: samples with an OD value larger than the upper cut-oV value. E equivocal: samples showing OD values between the lower and upper cut-oV value in the ELISA or produce a very weak signal on the speciWc position in the immunoblot test Table 3 Reactivity of human sera from Lower Bavaria in the novel indirect PUUV-IgG ELISA, PUUV-IgG immunoblot test (IB), commercial PUUV-IgG ELISA and immunoXuorescence assay (IFA) and focus reduction neutralization assay (FRNT) outbreak amongst soldiers was reported from a rural endemic area close to the city of Ulm [4]. In our study we have detected a low prevalence of about 1% in the group of soldiers.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Elisa and Immunoblot Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiological study in a Puumala virus outbreak area in South-East Germany

Mertens

Wölfel

Ullrich³

et al. 2009

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Puumala virus (PUUV) is the cause of the majority of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome cases in Germany. In 2004, a nephropathia epidemica outbreak was recorded in Lower Bavaria, South-East Germany. For a seroepidemiological study in this region including the resident population at four locations (n = 178) and soldiers from one location (n = 208) indirect immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and immunoblot tests based on a yeast-expressed PUUV nucleocapsid protein were established. The validation using human serum panels originating from Germany revealed a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 98/100% for the IgM ELISA, 99/99% for the IgG ELISA, 99/100% for the IgM immunoblot test and 100/96% for the IgG immunoblot test. Using the novel IgG assays as well as a commercial IgG ELISA and an immunofluorescence assay for the resident population an average prevalence of 6.7% (12 of 178) with a range of 0% (0 of 21) to 11.9% (7 of 59) was observed. Positive serological results were equally distributed between males and females with an average age of 63 for males and 52 for females. The seroprevalence in the soldier group was found to be about 1% with one positive male of 203 (age 46 years) and one positive female of five (age 47 years). In conclusion, the PUUV seroprevalence in the residents of the outbreak region in Lower Bavaria was found to be up to fivefold higher than the average hantavirus seroprevalence of the German population.

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Section: Interpretation Of Elisa and Immunoblot Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiological study in a Puumala virus outbreak area in South-East Germany

Mertens

Wölfel

Ullrich³

et al. 2009

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…Baden-Württemberg in the South of Germany is densely covered with beech trees. More than two thirds of all current German NE cases are localized in Baden-Württemberg, the same region where indeed the first NE outbreak was noted already in 1990 (Clement et al, 1996). Endemic NE in this "Land" is now by far the highest in W.-Europe.…”

Section: The Rodent Reservoir and Its Biotope: The Role Of The Beechmentioning

confidence: 90%

Global Warming and Epidemic Trends of an Emerging Viral Disease in Western-Europe: The Nephropathia Epidemica Case

Clément¹,

Maes²,

Barrios³

et al. 2011

Global Warming Impacts - Case Studies on the Economy, Human Health, and on Urban and Natural Environments

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“…construction workers, rodent hunters, workers at horse breeding farms, farmers, lumberjacks, woods-man and soldiers (Mertens et al 2011a;Abu Sin et al 2007;Zoller et al 1995;Ahlm et al 1998;Clement et al 1996;Rieger et al 2005;Kramski et al 2009;Kelt et al 2007;Vapalahti et al 2010Vapalahti et al , 1999. Seroprevalence in these risk groups can be as high as 15-20 %.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Hantavirus Infections In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hantaviruses—Infections, Epidemiology and Hosts

Eßbauer

Krautkrämer

2014

Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

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Hantaviruses are pathogens of emerging importance in different areas of the world with local outbreaks as reported in 2012 in the Yosemite national park in the US or in several endemic areas in Germany. Quite recently hantaviruses have also been detected on the African continent. The knowledge on respective small mammal hosts and virus types/subtypes has rapidly increased in the last years now including also insectivores, bats and with these several associated new viruses. Usually animals are asymptomatic reservoir carriers, although a few studies show effects on rodent populations. In humans clinical symptoms of hantavirus infections are depending on the virus type causing syndromes of different severity. However, as infections are often clinically inapparent, recorded case numbers may be underestimated. The epidemiology of hantaviruses is complex as multiple biotic and abiotic factors are involved, e.g. rodent population density, corresponding virus prevalence, mast, habitats, biodiversity, rodent ecology, or climate and local weather parameters.

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Hantavirus outbreak during military manoeuvres in Germany

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Seroepidemiological study in a Puumala virus outbreak area in South-East Germany

Seroepidemiological study in a Puumala virus outbreak area in South-East Germany

Global Warming and Epidemic Trends of an Emerging Viral Disease in Western-Europe: The Nephropathia Epidemica Case

Hantaviruses—Infections, Epidemiology and Hosts

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