Hantaviruses in Rodents and Humans, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Zhāng, Yǒng-Zhèn; Zhang, Fengxian; Gao, Na; Wang, Jianbo; Zhao, Zhiwei; Li, Minghui; Chen, Huaxin; Zhou, Yang; Plyusnin, Alexander

doi:10.3201/eid1506.081126

Cited by 46 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The most likely cluster was found at Yiyuan County in October to December 2012, and the secondary cluster was detected at the centers of Zibo City in May to June 2009. Previous studies reported that the transmission of HTNV through Apodemus agrarius peaked in the winter, while Rattus norvegicus associated SEOV infections mainly occurred in the spring [6], [8], [9], [33]. Thus, the human infections in the most likely cluster in the fall and winter reflect a seasonal characteristic pattern of HTNV transmission, and a seasonal characteristic of SEOV transmission in the secondary cluster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Occurrence of HFRS cases is seasonal with a bimodal pattern and studies suggest that the pattern is linked to varying transmission dynamics of the two serotypes of hantaviruses among their animal hosts. HTNV-caused HFRS cases occur year-round but tend to peak in the winter while SEOV-caused infections typically peak in the spring [6], [8], [9]. Hantaviruses are primarily transmitted from rodent host to human by aerosols generated from contaminated urine and feces and possibly from contaminated food or rodent bites [10]–[12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Analysis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Zibo City, China, 2009–2012

Cui¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is highly endemic in mainland China, where human cases account for 90% of the total global cases. Zibo City is one of the most serious affected areas in Shandong Province China with the HFRS incidence increasing sharply from 2009 to 2012. However, the hotspots of HFRS in Zibo remained unclear. Thus, a spatial analysis was conducted with the aim to explore the spatial, spatial-temporal and seasonal patterns of HFRS in Zibo from 2009 to 2012, and to provide guidance for formulating regional prevention and control strategies.MethodsThe study was based on the reported cases of HFRS from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Annualized incidence maps and seasonal incidence maps were produced to analyze the spatial and seasonal distribution of HFRS in Zibo City. Then spatial scan statistics and space-time scan statistics were conducted to identify clusters of HFRS.ResultsThere were 200 cases reported in Zibo City during the 4-year study period. One most likely cluster and one secondary cluster for high incidence of HFRS were identified by the space-time analysis. And the most likely cluster was found to exist at Yiyuan County in October to December 2012. The human infections in the fall and winter reflected a seasonal characteristic pattern of Hantaan virus (HTNV) transmission. The secondary cluster was detected at the center of Zibo in May to June 2009, presenting a seasonal characteristic of Seoul virus (SEOV) transmission.ConclusionTo control and prevent HFRS in Zibo city, the comprehensive preventive strategy should be implemented in the southern areas of Zibo in autumn and in the northern areas of Zibo in spring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Analysis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Zibo City, China, 2009–2012

Cui¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Wu et al [2007] reported that seaport might be a source of hantavirus spread. Recently, it was found that the HFRS emerged in Bayannaoer district of Inner Mongolia might be caused by SEOV imported from the neighboring HFRS endemic areas [Zhang et al, 2009b]. Up to date, SEOVs have been found worldwide [McCaughey et al, 1996;Heyman et al, 2004Heyman et al, , 2008Easterbrook et al, 2007;Cueto et al, 2008;Weissenbacher et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2000;Reynes et al, 2003;Shi et al, 2003;Plyusnina et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hantaviruses in small mammals and humans in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China

Zhāng

Lin

Shi³

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

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To gain more insights into the epidemiology of hantaviruses in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China, the morbidity and mortality of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were analyzed in two coastal areas: Cixi (hilly terrain) and Wenzhou (mountainous terrain). More HFRS cases have been reported in Cixi than in Wenzhou. Annual incidence rate of HFRS in Cixi had been on the level of approximately 1.5/100,000 from 1968 (when the first HFRS case was reported) to 2007, with the highest incidence rate of 8.54/100,000 in 1999. The annual incidence rate in Wenzhou has been relatively low, less than 0.5/100,000 since the first HFRS case was reported in 1981. A total of 461 rodents and 199 shrews were captured in these two areas. Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 16 of 241 (6.64%) Rattus norvegicus and 13 of 122 (10.66%) R. flavipectus. Interestingly, hantavirus antigens were identified in 6 of 196 (3.06%) Suncus murinus. Genetic analysis showed that partial M and S segment sequences recovered from rats in the two regions belong to Seoul virus (SEOV) and can be assigned into two genetic lineages. SEOV variants that belong to these two lineages of viruses are distributed widely in China and have been found outside China. As most trapped rodents were rats and SEOV was the only hantavirus detected, these results suggested that SEOV plays an important role in human hantavirus infections. They also reinforce the need for vigilance in preventing HFRS caused by hantaviruses in the coastal region.

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“…cDNA of the Small (S) and Medium (M) segments of the hantavirus genome was prepared with AMV transcriptase (Promega, Beijing, China) in the presence of primer P14 [19]. Partial or complete sequences of the S and the M segments were amplified as described previously [10], [20], [21]. All voles and insectivores were also screened for hantaviruses using RT-PCR as described previously [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ongoing Spillover of Hantaan and Gou Hantaviruses from Rodents Is Associated with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in China

Wang

Lin³

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundLongquan City, Zhejiang province, China, has been seriously affected by hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) since the first cases were registered in 1974. To understand the epidemiology and emergence of HFRS in Longquan, which may be indicative of large parts of rural China, we studied long-term incidence patterns and performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of the causative hantaviruses in human and rodent populations.Method/Principal FindingsDuring 1974–2011, 1866 cases of HFRS were recorded in Longquan, including 20 deaths. In 2011, the incidence of HFRS remained high, with 19.61 cases/100,000 population, despite the onset of vaccination in 1997. During 1974–1998, HFRS cases in Longquan occurred mainly in winter, while in the past decade the peak of HFRS has shifted to the spring. Notably, the concurrent prevalence of rodent-borne hantaviruses in the region was also high. Phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences recovered from rodents in Longquan revealed the presence of novel genetic variants of Gou virus (GOUV) in Rattus sp. rats and Hantaan virus (HTNV) in the stripe field mice, respectively. Strikingly, viral sequences sampled from infected humans were very closely related to those from rodents.Conclusions/SignificanceHFRS represents an important public health problem in Longquan even after years of preventive measures. Our data suggest that continual spillover of the novel genetic variant of GOUV and the new genetic lineage of HTNV are responsible for the high prevalence of HFRS in humans. In addition, this is the first report of GOUV associated with human HFRS cases, and our data suggest that GOUV is now the major cause of HFRS in this region.

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Hantaviruses in Rodents and Humans, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Abstract: Vigilance is needed to prevent hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome caused by Hantaan and Seoul viruses in this region.

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Spatial Analysis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Zibo City, China, 2009–2012

Spatial Analysis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Zibo City, China, 2009–2012

Hantaviruses in small mammals and humans in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China

Ongoing Spillover of Hantaan and Gou Hantaviruses from Rodents Is Associated with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in China

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