Haploid Induction in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) via Gynogenesis

Abstract

The generation of new hybrid varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most widely used breeding method for this species and requires at least seven self-fertilization cycles to generate stable parent lines. The development of doubled haploids aims at obtaining completely homozygous lines in a single generation, although, to date, routine commercial application has not been possible in this species. In contrast, obtaining doubled haploid lines via gynogenesis has been successfully implemented in recalcitrant crops such as melon, cucumber, pumpkin, loquat and walnut. This review provides an overview of the requirements and advantages of gynogenesis as an inducer of haploidy in different agricultural crops, with the purpose of assessing the potential for its application in tomato breeding. Successful cases of gynogenesis variants involving in vitro culture of unfertilized ovules, use of 60Co-irradiated pollen, in vivo haploid inducers and wide hybridization are presented, suggesting that these methodologies could be implemented in tomato breeding programs to obtain doubled haploids.

Androgenesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)-Effect of genotypes, microspore development stage, pre-treatments and media composition on induction of haploids

“…The highest callus induction frequency for anthers from different size of fresh flower buds for different genotypes were TA8(MS + 2iP (0.5 mg L -1 ) + NAA (0.5 mg L -1 )) for LE 1230 and PKM1, TA1(MS + 2iP (1.0 mg L -1 ) + IAA (2.0 mg L -1 )) for CO 3, LE 1238 and LE 1256 and TA7 (MS + 2iP (0.5 mg L -1 ) + Kinetin (1.5 mg L -1 ) + NAA (1.0 mg L -1 )) for TLCV2 and the least was always recorded in TA0 (MS basal). The above results were in line with findings of Hassan and Islam (2021) and Marin-Montes et al (2022) in tomato, Simeonova et al (1990) and Phuong (2021) in chillies, Alan et al (2021) in rice. Gulshan and Sharma (1981) verified that the medium containing 2.0 mg L -1 NAA and 1.0 mg L -1 kinetin was the most efficient for callus formation in tomato.…”

“…Anther culture had been successfully reported from crops like egg plant, tobacco, rice, maize (Alan et al, 2021;Mir et al, 2021) and in tomato (Marin-Montes et al, 2022). A successful plant tissue culture protocol starts with effective explants sterilization.…”

“…Although much research have been conducted on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) through pollen or anther culture, the number of anthers producing calli and the number of plants regenerated per callus have been limited. Very few tomato genotypes have callus forming and regeneration potential from anthers and various media/methods have been used to produce plantlets of unknown ploidy (Hassan & Islam, 2021;Marin-Montes et al, 2022). This paper explored the factors that need optimization or further study prior to routine haploid plantlet production via androgenesis.…”

Androgenesis and gynogenesis in tomato (<I>Solanum lycopersicum</I> L.) <I>in vitro</I>

“…Путем андрогенеза гаплоиды получают из клеток мужского гаметофита через культуру пыльников или микроспор. На основе гиногенеза используются клетки женского гаметофита посредством культуры неоплодотворенных семяпочек (Marin-Montes et al, 2022).…”

The phenomenon of autonomous endosperm in sexual and apomictic plants

“…In planta pollination with irradiated pollen is a widely used technique to induce haploids in cultivated plants (e.g. apple, cucumber, kiwi, pear, rose, melon, citrus; Musiał and Przywara, 1998 ; Marin-Montes et al , 2022 ), yet the percentage of haploids obtained is generally low. When in vitro culture is used after pollination with irradiated pollen, the efficiency of haploid production increases [see Musiał and Przywara (1998) and references cited therein].…”