Haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs in Saraswat Brahmin Community of North India

Yadav, Bhuvnesh; Raina, Anupuma; Dogra, Tirath Das

doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.09.012

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The genotyping results and the subjects' paternal province and their city or village of origin when available are listed in Table S2. The dataset used include Middle Easterns (2,720 samples) [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], Central/South Asians (1,335 samples) [15], [16], [17], [18], East Asians (1,029 samples) [15], [19], Caucasians (1,525 samples) [20], West Russians (545 samples) [21], Europeans (1,123 samples) [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], and Africans (222 samples) [26], [27]. More details on the analyzed samples are listed in Table S3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events

Haber

Platt²,

Bonab

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Afghanistan has held a strategic position throughout history. It has been inhabited since the Paleolithic and later became a crossroad for expanding civilizations and empires. Afghanistan's location, history, and diverse ethnic groups present a unique opportunity to explore how nations and ethnic groups emerged, and how major cultural evolutions and technological developments in human history have influenced modern population structures. In this study we have analyzed, for the first time, the four major ethnic groups in present-day Afghanistan: Hazara, Pashtun, Tajik, and Uzbek, using 52 binary markers and 19 short tandem repeats on the non-recombinant segment of the Y-chromosome. A total of 204 Afghan samples were investigated along with more than 8,500 samples from surrounding populations important to Afghanistan's history through migrations and conquests, including Iranians, Greeks, Indians, Middle Easterners, East Europeans, and East Asians. Our results suggest that all current Afghans largely share a heritage derived from a common unstructured ancestral population that could have emerged during the Neolithic revolution and the formation of the first farming communities. Our results also indicate that inter-Afghan differentiation started during the Bronze Age, probably driven by the formation of the first civilizations in the region. Later migrations and invasions into the region have been assimilated differentially among the ethnic groups, increasing inter-population genetic differences, and giving the Afghans a unique genetic diversity in Central Asia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events

Haber

Platt²,

Bonab

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…This haplogroup is well known because it makes up about 90% of indigenous Native American Y-chromosomes, but is also present in North Eurasia [ 6 ]. A rare clade called Q3 has been detected in Y-chromosomal resequencing studies [ 24 , 29 ] and was found at low frequencies in Iraqis [ 30 ], Iranians [ 31 ], Israelis [ 32 , 33 ], Indian Brahmins [ 34 ] and Pashtuns [ 35 ]. Rare haplogroups can be very informative for tracing human migration routes [ 36 – 38 ], and here we concentrate on improving resolution in the Q3-L275 portion of the first Q1’2 versus Q3 bifurcation of haplogroup Q-M242 [ 9 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe Y-chromosome haplogroup Q has three major branches: Q1, Q2, and Q3. Q1 is found in both Asia and the Americas where it accounts for about 90% of indigenous Native American Y-chromosomes; Q2 is found in North and Central Asia; but little is known about the third branch, Q3, also named Q1b-L275. Here, we combined the efforts of population geneticists and genetic genealogists to use the potential of full Y-chromosome sequencing for reconstructing haplogroup Q3 phylogeography and suggest possible linkages to events in population history.ResultsWe analyzed 47 fully sequenced Y-chromosomes and reconstructed the haplogroup Q3 phylogenetic tree in detail. Haplogroup Q3-L275, derived from the oldest known split within Eurasian/American haplogroup Q, most likely occurred in West or Central Asia in the Upper Paleolithic period. During the Mesolithic and Neolithic epochs, Q3 remained a minor component of the West Asian Y-chromosome pool and gave rise to five branches (Q3a to Q3e), which spread across West, Central and parts of South Asia. Around 3–4 millennia ago (Bronze Age), the Q3a branch underwent a rapid expansion, splitting into seven branches, some of which entered Europe. One of these branches, Q3a1, was acquired by a population ancestral to Ashkenazi Jews and grew within this population during the 1st millennium AD, reaching up to 5% in present day Ashkenazi.ConclusionsThis study dataset was generated by a massive Y-chromosome genotyping effort in the genetic genealogy community, and phylogeographic patterns were revealed by a collaboration of population geneticists and genetic genealogists. This positive experience of collaboration between academic and citizen science provides a model for further joint projects. Merging data and skills of academic and citizen science promises to combine, respectively, quality and quantity, generalization and specialization, and achieve a well-balanced and careful interpretation of the paternal-side history of human populations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…L657 Khatri individuals were the biggest subclade in this cohort, and 3 of 7 L657 individuals tested were LPKSTR. Unfortunately, the Saraswat Brahmin DNA samples available to us were insufficient for STR analysis in the present study, but a report of 17-STR profiles for Punjabi and Himachali Saraswat Brahmins has been published [32]. Surprisingly, LPKs appear more closely related to secular Khatri individuals than to Saraswat Brahmins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The collection under informed consent of 35 male Saraswat Brahmin and 29 male Khatri DNA samples (listed in Table 2) has been described in previous publications [32–34]. 16 GSB samples (15 listed in Table 1(b); one non-R1a1 GSB individual (Q1a3 Y-haplogroup) was omitted from the analyses) were collected as follows: volunteers registered for cheek swab DNA analysis directly with Genebase, Inc. (Vancouver, BC), signed informed consent forms, and followed requisite procedures, as required by the Genebase Testing Laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Cultural Reconstruction of the Migration of an Ancient Lineage

Mascarenhas

Raina

Aston

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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A rare R1a1 Y-haplogroup (Y-HG) L657 clade subtype designated as LPKSTR is found in most male members of a clan of “founder” families within the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community in Lotli town in Western India. TMRCA calculations using pairwise comparisons to control cohorts suggested a probable migration history distinct from the canonical narrative for medieval migration of orthodox Brahmin families to South India. Using Y-HG centroid analysis, chi-square analysis of TMRCA distributions and archeological find-spots, and discriminant function analysis we show that the parental Z93 L342.2 subclade in which LPKSTR occurs originated in West Asia and that LPKSTR individuals migrated toward the southeast by a Bolan Pass route distinct from the traditionally presumed route of Brahmin ingress into the Indian subcontinent. The proposed migration route is supported by archeological, toponymic, numismatic, linguistic, iconographic, and literary data. Lastly, we present cultural metrics demonstrating that these LPKSTR lineages retained distinct family practices with respect to literacy, religious practice, and emigration not shared with orthodox Brahmins of canonical geographic origin within the same community, despite centuries of intermarriage. Long-term transmission of differentiated family practices within a patrilineal endogamous community has rarely been documented.

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Haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs in Saraswat Brahmin Community of North India

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events

Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events

Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration

Genetic and Cultural Reconstruction of the Migration of an Ancient Lineage

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