Haplotypes of Ppd-D1 gene and alleles of Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 in Ukrainian bread wheat varieties

Abstract

Modern Ukrainian bread wheat varieties are not enough characterized by the alleles of Ppd genes and there is very restricted information about haplotypes of these genes in Ukrainian wheat genetic pool. The dominant alleles (a) of Ppd-A1 (2A), Ppd-B1(2B), Ppd-D1 (2D) genes reduce sensitivity to photoperiod thus shorten the period until earing and genotypes with recessive alleles (b) have a strong reaction to the photoperiod. Haplotypes of Ppd-D1 gene could also affect photoperiod sensitivity. According to PCR analysis with allele specific primers most investigated varieties were characterized by Ppd-A1b and Ppd-B1b alleles. 40 varieties (81.2 %) had the deletion upstream the coding region of Ppd-D1 gene, that distinguish Ppd-D1a allele. Also, we analyzed haplotypes of Ppd-D1 gene. There was shown presence of VII haplotype of Ppd-D1 gene for 79.6 % of varieties. The varieties with I (2 %), II (6 %), III (10 %) haplotypes of the Ppd-D1 gene were less frequent. One variety was heterogeneous by Ppd-D1a/b alleles. From the tested ones only varieties of winter bread wheat from The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIP) were polymorphic by investigated genes that highlight the importance of Ppd-A1b, Ppd-B1b and Ppd-D1a alleles for environmental conditions in the Ukraine. The haplotype (III) was detected in geno types of 5 varieties -three of them from MIP and in varieties Etos and Yevdokiia. Also this haplotype was found in the well known old variety created in 1938 year -Odes'ka 3by Guo et al. [14], thus transposable element (TE) insertion in the 1 intron of Ppd-D1 gene was historically present in the background of Ukrainian wheats. Simultaneously, spring wheat varieties have higher level of genetic polymorphism at Ppd-D1 loci than winter bread wheat varieties, maybe this locus and sensitivity to photoperiod is not critical for adaptability of spring wheat.