“…Moreover, using the Internet demonstrates the ability to engage in technology-based activities, which contribute to middle-aged and older adults' self-esteem and enhance their satisfaction with their health and life (Zhang and Kaufman, 2015; Lam et al ., 2020). Based on the aforementioned literature, this study determines four indicators to measure the construct of subjective health holistically—depression, self-rated health, perceived changes in health status, and health satisfaction (Gwozdz and Sousa-Poza, 2010; Senik et al ., 2021).…”