Happy Hypoxia in COVID-19 Patients at Kinshasa University Hospital (Democratic Republic of the Congo): Frequency and Vital Outcome

Bepouka, Ben; Situakibanza, Hippolyte; Odio, Ossam; Makulo, J.R.; Mandina, Madone; Longokolo, Murielle; Mayasi, Nadine; Mutombo, Kazadi; Pata, Tresor; Nsangana, Godelive; Tshikangu, Felly; Mangala, Donatien; Maheshe, Dupont; Namasale, Christine; Nkarnkwin, Serge; Muamba, Jonathan; Ndaie, Gorby; Ngwizani, Rodrigue; Mole, Hervé; Makeya, Gabriel Mubobo; Mabiala, Tharcisse; Mukuna, Patrick; Kabango, Roger; Kabuni, Patricia; Yanga, Yves; Nkodila, Aliocha; Keke, Hervé; Musangu, Nice; Tshimanga, Papy; Kokusa, Yamin; Nsitwayizatadi, Bertin; Mukenge, Eric; Kamwiziku, Guyguy; Mbunsu, Gabriel K.; Makangara, Jean Claude; Mbula, Marcel; Kayembe, Jean Marie

doi:10.4236/jbm.2021.92002

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A low SpO 2 may reflect a more severe dyspnea with an increased mortality risk of COVID 19 [ 29 ]. Even if happy hypoxia i.e., low SpO 2 without dyspnea has been associated with poor vital outcomes in COVD 19 [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bepouka

Mayasi²,

Mandina³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Aim Mortality rates of coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease continue to increase worldwide and in Africa. In this study, we aimed to summarize the available results on the association between sociodemographic, clinical, biological, and comorbidity factors and the risk of mortality due to COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We followed the PRISMA checklist (S1 Checklist). We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and European PMC between January 1, 2020, and September 23, 2021. We included observational studies with Subjects had to be laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients; had to report risk factors or predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients, Studies had to be published in English, include multivariate analysis, and be conducted in the sub-Saharan region. Exclusion criteria included case reports, review articles, commentaries, errata, protocols, abstracts, reports, letters to the editor, and repeat studies. The methodological quality of the studies included in this meta-analysis was assessed using the methodological items for nonrandomized studies (MINORS). Pooled hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated separately to identify mortality risk. In addition, publication bias and subgroup analysis were assessed. Results and discussion Twelve studies with a total of 43598 patients met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of interest were mortality. The results of the analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of mortality in COVID-19 patients was 4.8%. Older people showed an increased risk of mortality from SARS-Cov-2. The pooled hazard ratio (pHR) and odds ratio (pOR) were 9.01 (95% CI; 6.30–11.71) and 1.04 (95% CI; 1.02–1.06), respectively. A significant association was found between COVID-19 mortality and men (pOR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.04–2). In addition, the risk of mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection was strongly influenced by chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension, severe or critical infection on admission, cough, and dyspnea. The major limitations of the present study are that the data in the meta-analysis came mainly from studies that were published, which may lead to publication bias, and that the causal relationship between risk factors and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 cannot be confirmed because of the inherent limitations of the observational study. Conclusions Advanced age, male sex, CKD, hypertension, severe or critical condition on admission, cough, and dyspnea are clinical risk factors for fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus. These findings could be used for research, control, and prevention of the disease and could help providers take appropriate measures and improve clinical outcomes in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bepouka

Mayasi²,

Mandina³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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“…The studies had sample sizes ranging from 141 to 21,544. One study was conducted in Africa (DRC); 16 two studies in Europe, France, and Italy, 11 , 12 three studies in Asia (Japan, India, and Saudi Arabia); 10 , 13 , 14 and one study in the Americas (Mexico). 15 In addition, only one study was prospective, 15 and the rest were retrospective cohorts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total, 7 studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] were included in the review. The time period for the studies was 2020-2021.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 , 13 , 14 The prevalence was 4.8 in one American country 15 and 6% in one African country. 16 A systematic review would be beneficial in aggregating these disparities in prevalence. In addition, some studies have shown that patients with both COVID-19 and happy hypoxia are known to have poor outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, some studies have shown that patients with both COVID-19 and happy hypoxia are known to have poor outcomes. 11 , 16 Therefore, hypoxemia in patients with COVID-19 without dyspnea should be identified and monitored carefully.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Outcomes of COVID −19 Patients with Happy Hypoxia: A Systematic Review

Bepouka¹,

Odio²,

Mayasi³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some patients have low oxygen saturation without any dyspnea. This has been termed “happy hypoxia.” No worldwide prevalence survey of this phenomenon has been conducted. This review aimed to summarize information on the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with happy hypoxia to improve their management. Methods We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases for all studies published up to April 30, 2022. We included high-quality studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool for qualitative assessment of searches. The prevalence of happy hypoxia, as well as the mortality rate of patients with happy hypoxia, were estimated by pooled analysis and heterogeneity by I 2 . Results Of the 25,086 COVID-19 patients from the 7 studies, the prevalence of happy hypoxia ranged from 4.8 to 65%. The pooled prevalence was 6%. Happy hypoxia was associated with age > 65 years, male sex, body mass index (BMI)> 25 kg/m2, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, high respiratory rate, and high d-dimer. Mortality ranged from 01 to 45.4%. The pooled mortality was 2%. In 2 studies, patients with dyspnea were admitted to intensive care more often than those with happy hypoxia. One study reported that the length of stay in intensive care did not differ between patients with dyspnea and those with happy hypoxia at admission. One study reported the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with happy hypoxia. Conclusion The pooled prevalence and mortality of patients with happy hypoxia were not very high. Happy hypoxia was associated with advanced age and comorbidities. Some patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, although fewer than dyspneic patients. Its early detection and management should improve the prognosis.

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Happy Hypoxia in COVID-19 Patients at Kinshasa University Hospital (Democratic Republic of the Congo): Frequency and Vital Outcome

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence and Outcomes of COVID −19 Patients with Happy Hypoxia: A Systematic Review

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