Haptoglobin Phenotype, Hp1-1: A Potential Risk Factor of Breast Cancer in Ghanaian Women.

Abstract

Background:-The haptoglobin phenotypes association with diseases is widely studied. However, association of the phenotypes with breast cancer especially in patients of African descents has received little attention. Aim:-To determine the association of haptoglobin phenotypes with breast cancer among Ghanaian patients. Methods:-A total of 63 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 54 female controls were recruited. The participants were between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Demographics and clinical parameters were collected. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for haptoglobin phenotyping employing serum haemoglobin-supplementation method. Results:-Hp 1-1 and HP 1 allele frequencies were high among patients. Hp 1-1 was strongly associated with breast cancer (OR = 3.09, CI = 1.32 -7.24, p = 0.014) than Hp2-1 (OR = 2.1, CI = 0.88 -4.58, p = 0.139) and Hp 2-2 (OR = 0.24, CI = 0.10 -0.54, p = 0.0008). Most of the patients were traders (55.5%) and 22.2% were below the age 40 years. Blood pressure was elevated in patients than controls (p < 0.05) but difference was not significant when patients on chemotherapy was compared with those without treatment (p > 0.05). However, body mass index was significantly raised in patients and was independently affected by chemotherapeutic treatment but not age (p < 0.001). Conclusion:-The strong association of haptoglobin phenotype, Hp 1-1 with breast cancer may suggests a critical role of the protein in disease prognosis.Copy Right, IJAR, 2013, All rights reserved.

High atherogenic index of plasma and cardiovascular risk factors among Ghanaian breast cancer patients

“…The current results are consistent with previous studies which associated cardiovascular risk factors with BC in patients on chemotherapy. 19,38,39 High caloric intake, physical inactivity, or genetic factors may contribute to the lipid overload reported in the patients. 40 A study has established a link between hypertension and BC, and chemotherapy exposure has been implicated in both onset and severity of hypertension in cancer patients.…”

Haptoglobin phenotypes with weak antioxidant capacity increase risk factors of cardiovascular disease in Ghanaian HIV‐infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy

“…Hp0 is the absence of Hp in blood, which has been attributed to mutation and/or deletion of the promoter region of the HP gene and excessive haemolysis, and results in null expression and rapid clearance of the circulatory protein, respectively . Different Hp phenotypes have been associated with different diseases due to disparities in free radical clearance by the respective phenotypes . Poor clearance of free haemoglobin (Hb) in circulation by Hp2‐2 phenotype increases iron availability for growth of iron‐dependent bacteria , and the phenotype has also been reported to increase mortality rate of HIV‐infected patients compared to Hp1‐1 and Hp2‐1 .…”