Hard and soft tissue changes following alveolar ridge preservation: a systematic review

Abstract

ARP results in a significant reduction in the vertical bone dimensional change following tooth extraction when compared to unassisted socket healing. The reduction in horizontal alveolar bone dimensional change was found to be variable. No evidence was identified to clearly indicate the superior impact of a type of ARP intervention (GBR, socket filler and socket seal) on bone dimensional preservation, bone formation, keratinised tissue dimensions and patient complications.

Alveolar ridge preservation using an open membrane approach for sockets with bone deficiency: A randomized controlled clinical trial

“…It should be noted that previous studies did not include a negative control (eg, a group with naturally healed sockets). In previous systematic reviews with meta‐analyses, the mean differences in horizontal ridge width and the vertical ridge height between the ARP‐received sockets and the naturally healed sockets were 1.31 to 1.89 mm and 0.74 to 2.07 mm, respectively, favoring ARP compared to natural healing . The present study confirms a statistically significantly decrease in horizontal shrinkage (approximate difference at HW1 between the test and the control group: 2.6 mm), but no significant changes in vertical shrinkage.…”

“…Currently, most studies on ARP have been conducted on sockets with minimal bone deficiency . However, many teeth requiring extraction in an everyday clinical setting demonstrate more severe bone deficiency in the alveolus than that in previous clinical trials.…”

The influence of different soft‐tissue grafting procedures at single implant placement on esthetics: A randomized controlled trial

“…This is in contrast to Wiesner et al., who observed a higher loss of marginal bone level in the test and control groups. The limited change in bone level in this study may be explained by the reduced bone loss in a vertical direction as a result of the ridge preservation procedure after removal of the failing tooth …”

“…Because the buccal bone wall in most sites of the maxillary esthetic zone is very thin (≤1 mm) and associated with significant buccal bone resorption following tooth removal, correct three‐dimensional implant placement might be impaired. Therefore, to reduce bone dimensional changes, augmentation of the extraction socket prior to implant placement was proposed to preserve both the alveolar ridge and buccal soft tissue . However, bone loss in width and height is still expected, despite alveolar ridge preservation, as are soft‐tissue changes …”

Efficacy of collagen matrix seal and collagen sponge on ridge preservation in combination with bone allograft: A randomized controlled clinical trial

“…Anatomical characteristics of the extraction socket such as thickness or loss of the buccal plate can significantly affect the outcomes of the ARP procedure. Clinical studies (Cardaropoli, Tamagnone, Roffredo, & Gaveglio, , ; Spinato et al., ) and systematic reviews (MacBeth, Trullenque‐Eriksson, Donos, & Mardas, ; Wang & Lang, ) indicate that thickness and vertical loss of the buccal plate influence the reduction in the crestal ridge width and height following ARP. In our investigation, the mean coronal thickness of the buccal plate was >1 mm and the vertical loss <2 mm in both groups.…”