“…Another work in nuclei segmentation is the hard-boundary attention network (HBANet), which identifies hard-boundaries between nuclei, a difficult problem due to overlapped nuclei. 559 It presents a background weaken module (BWM) to improve the model’s attention to the foreground, and integrates low-level features containing more detailed information into deeper feature layers. Furthermore, a gradient-based boundary adaptive strategy (GS) is designed to generate boundary-weakened data as extra inputs and train the model in an adversarial manner.…”