Hard coatings for cutting applications: Physical vs. chemical vapor deposition and future challenges for the coatings community

Effect of metal ion irradiation on hard coating synthesis by physical vapor deposition

“…The fast condensation from gas-to solid-phase on the substrate surface gives the possibility to deposit coatings with metastable structures, i.e. nonequilibrium states [15]. An example of this is the solid solution of NaCl structured titanium aluminium nitride, which in equilibrium is a two-phase material.…”

“…TiN is a well-studied protective coating and can still be found in the commercial products nowadays. Besides its appealing golden coloration for decorating purposes, cubic TiN gains the interests from the industries and research because of the high hardness and good phase stabilities [15,66]. Stoichiometric 1:1 mononitride TiN has a NaCl-like cubic structure (B1) with lattice parameter of 4.24 Å [67], where one Ti atom is octahedrally coordinated with six N atoms as shown in Fig.…”

Temperature-driven phase transition of Ti2CN from first-principles calculations

“…3,4 Through the years of development on coating materials, transition metal nitrides, carbides and carbonitrides, especially TiN, TiC, TiCN and TiAIN, are widely used as hard and protective coatings. 5,6 Among these materials, TiC x N 1Àx (for 0 o x o 1) coating, which incorporates the advantages and characteristics of both TiC and TiN, is characterised by its outstanding combination of physical properties, such as high melting point, high hardness, 7 low-friction behavior, 8 good thermal stability 9 and chemical inertness, 10 enhanced wear resistance and metallic luster appearance. 11 TiC x N 1Àx , as a solid solution of TiN and TiC, has a broad composition range.…”

Growth Mechanisms of TaN Thin Films Produced by DC Magnetron Sputtering on 304 Steel Substrates and Their Influence on the Corrosion Resistance

“…Likewise, these compounds have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high chemical stability, low diffusion, and adequate adherence [3][4][5][6][7]. For all these properties that have made nitride materials of vital importance, great efforts have been devoted to the study of transition metal nitrides to find hard and resistant materials that meet the growing demand that has been generated in recent decades in various applications, as 2 of 15 already mentioned [8,9]. For these purposes, tantalum nitride (TaN), as a hard coating, was initially not as attractive as titanium nitride (TiN), zirconium nitride (ZrN), and their alloys, probably due to their high cost and the difficulty of achieving successful synthesis [10].…”