Hard Magnetization Direction and Its Relation with Permeability of Conventional Grain-oriented Electrical Steel

Abstract

Magnetic properties of conventional grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are different in various directions. In the present paper, Epstein standard samples were cut with different angles to rolling direction, and the corresponding magnetic properties of samples were tested. Results show that the hard magnetization direction to the rolling direction is around 60°. Conventional elliptical models are not accurate to simulate permeability at all magnetic intensities, and parabolic and hybrid models with high accuracy are proposed to simulate relations between permeability and magnetization direction. When magnetic intensity is no less than 10 000 A/m, hybrid model can be used, and when magnetic intensity is less than 10 000 A/m, parabolic model should be applied. Two-stage relation model of permeability and magnetization angles is of significance in improving the accuracy of electromagnetic engineering calculations of electrical steel and can be applied in industrial applications.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Low-Dimensional BiFeO3 System for Photocatalytic Applications

“…For instance, Karatza et al reported a non-negligible hydrogen generation of 0.229 mg from water through a magnetic pre-poling (M = 48.3 mT) of the Fe 3 O 4 system [70]. The magnetic pre-poling was demonstrated to induce re-orientations of the magnetic poles of each grain making them behave like small magnets and results in the stabilization of the borders between grains [71]. Besides, the presence of both electric and magnetic properties in multiferroic materials permits the manipulation of the magnetism via electric fields and electricity via magnetic fields thanks to the magnetoelectric coupling [72].…”