Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Medina and Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Ali, Medhat; Al-ahmadi, Bassam M.; Ibrahim, Reda; Alahmadi, Saeed; Gattan, Hattan S.; Shater, Abdullah F.; Elshazly, Hayam

doi:10.1645/22-109

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…They found the mean intensity (tick load) was 25.8 ± 2.4 ticks/host and the maximum number of ticks per animal was 102. On the other hand,Ali et al (2023) recorded lower mean intensity (2.15 ± 0.29 ticks/camel) in the Medina and Qassim regions of Saudi Arabia. The lower prevalence could be attributed to the tick control from farm owners.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…They have a wide range impact on camel industry due to widespread distress, morbidity, and their role as vectors of disease ( Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites and can transmit various microbial pathogens and substantially threaten animal and people (Sajid et al 2018). There are many tick species infesting camel (Camelus dromedarius) including Hyalomma dromedarii, H. anatolicum excavatum, H. marginatum marginatum, H. asiaticum asiaticum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and Ornithodoros savignyi (Alanazi et al 2020;Ali et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current acaricidal control agents presently in use are insu cient. Control strategies for ticks on farm facilities in Saudi Arabia are either nonexistent (by small-scale growers) or depend on the application of speci c acaricides (Ali et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…;Ali et al 2023). Yasmeen et al (2023) indicated the overall abundance of male ticks was higher than the female ticks with a ratio of 1:2.1.To date, there is very limited information about the seasonal distribution of hard tick infestations in certain geographical areas of Saudi Arabia(Alanazi et al 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and microhabit preference of Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Ibrahim

2024

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Background and Aim: Hyalomma dromedarii is hematophagous ectoparasites and can transmit viruses and it is a vector of protozoan diseases such as theileriosis in camels, and bacterial diseases such as Q fever and spotted fever rickettsia. This study was conducted to evaluate infestation prevalence, abundance, intensity, and microhabitat of H. dromedarii on camels. Materials and Methods This study was conducted in Al Baha area, Saudi Arabia from April 2022 to March 2023. A total of 120 adult camels (Camelus dromedarius) were randomly selected. Ticks were morphologically identified under a stereomicroscope using available taxonomic keys. Results The overall infestation prevalence of H. dromedarii was (63.33%). The range of tick load in infested camels were 5–35 ticks/camel. The overall mean abundance and mean intensity of H. dromedarii were (13.29 ± 12.66) and (21.27 ± 9.27) respectively. The number of male ticks was higher than the number of female ticks. The sex proportion of male and female was 67.95% and 32.05% for male and female respectively. The infestation prevalence of H. dromedarii was at its highest rate during the summer (90%), whereas winter had the lowest infestation rate (26.67%). The mean infestation abundance and mean infestation intensity of H. dromedarii varied significantly per season. Positive associations were found between infestation parameters of H. dromedarii and temperature, precipitation / rainfall, and humidity. The tail area had the highest prevalence (63.33%), and mean abundance of tick (6.45 ± 6.03 ticks/host). A combination of chemical control and manual tick removal was used for tick management by farm owners. Moreover, a combination of external and internal chemical control for parasites for camel was recorded. Conclusion The current study showed that H. dromedarii ticks had a high prevalence on the camels. No study has been conducted to examine the acaricide resistance status in the country. As a result, future study should investigate and track resistance in tick populations and further epidemiological and molecular studies should be carried out to monitor the distribution of tick species and tick-borne diseases to prevent threats to human health and animal.

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confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and microhabit preference of Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Ibrahim

2024

Preprint

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“…In the locality where this study has been carried out, Saudi Arabia, Hyalomma dromedarii is the most found ticks, then Hyalomma impeltatum and finally Hyalomma excavatum Alanazi et al 2020;Tharwat 2020a;Zakham et al 2021;Ali et al 2023;Aljasham et al 2023). In a study conducted by Alanazi et al (2020), out of 170 camels, 116 (68%) were infested by ticks and 13 of them were found to be positive for at least one tick-borne pathogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acute Phase Proteins, Hematobiochemical Profiles, Acid–base Balance and Blood Gas Alterations in Camel Calves Infested with Ticks

2024

Int J Vet Sci

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This experiment was designed to assess the status of acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin, cardiac marker troponin I (cTnI), hematobiochemical profiles, acid-base and blood gas alterations in postnatal camel calves with tick infestation. Twenty-one camel calves (Camelus dromedarius), aged 1-4 weeks and weighing 30-65 kg were used. They were presented because of off milk, lethargy, recumbency and convulsions. Ten age-matched apparently healthy camel calves were used a control group. From both diseased and control groups, 3 blood samples were collected; one on EDTA for hematological analysis, the second on heparin for the determination of acid-base, blood gases, biochemical metabolites, electrolytes and lactate and the third on plain tubes for serum harvesting. Treatment has consisted of subcutaneous injection by ivermectin twice 15 days apart at a dose of 1mL per 50kg BW. Diseased calves were also sprayed with diazinon twice 72h apart at a concentration of 1mL/1L water. Hyalomma dromedarii predominated in all the diseased camel calves. Seventeen calves were presented in lateral recumbency position while the remaining 4 were admitted in sternal recumbency. The means ±SD of cTnI were 2.23±1.0 ng/mL versus 0.012±0.014 ng/mL in healthy animals. Serum concentrations of SAA in camel calves were 6.57±2.39 ng/mL in diseased versus 0.59±0.45 ng/mL in controls. Serum concentration of Hp were markedly elevated in camel with tick infestation (2.33±0.54mg/L in diseases group versus 0.25±0.26 mg/L in controls). There were significant increases in total white blood cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils in diseased camel calves compared to healthy ones. Red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly lower in diseased group versus healthy calves. Serum concentrations of albumin, calcium, blood urea nitrogen and phosphorus differed significantly between diseased and healthy calves. The serum activity of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase and creatine kinase were significantly higher in tick infected camel calves versus healthy animals. The blood pH and anion gap were different significantly between diseased and healthy group. Highly significant differences were measured for lactate values in tick-infected calves competed to healthy group. In conclusion, this study showed that postnatal camel calves infested with Hyalomma dromedarii ticks had different clinical presentations either in lateral or sternal positions. Diseased calves have a prove of cardiac injury as a result of cTnI increases and acute phase reaction documented by significant alterations in SAA and haptoglobin. Unsound camel calves have also leukocytosis, anemia, metabolic acidosis and severe lactic acidosis.

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Cloning and catalytic profile of Hyalomma dromedarii leucine aminopeptidase

Ali,

Hussein,

El-Hakim

et al. 2024

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Medina and Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Prevalence and microhabit preference of Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Prevalence and microhabit preference of Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Acute Phase Proteins, Hematobiochemical Profiles, Acid–base Balance and Blood Gas Alterations in Camel Calves Infested with Ticks

Cloning and catalytic profile of Hyalomma dromedarii leucine aminopeptidase

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