Hard X-rays from Exploding Wires

Händel, S. K.; Stenerhag, B.; Holmström, Inger

doi:10.1038/2091227a0

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The energy from the exploding bridgewire and energy generated by continued conduction through the expanded wire, and spark within the air, is transferred into the explosive IP. This energy emanates in the forms of EM radiation (x-ray [4], UV [5], visible [6], IR [7]), electrical [2], and mechanical (shock-waves) [8]. 4.…”

Section: Energy Is Deposited Within the Initial Pressing (Ip)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many forms of energy have been demonstrated to emanate from exploding wires: EM radiation (x-ray [4], UV [5], visible [6], IR [7]), electrical [2], and mechanical (shock-waves) [8]. It is important to note that not all of these have been demonstrated in the regimes that EBW detonators operate but they are included in this review as data particular to EBW detonators is limited when it comes to the bridgewire output.…”

Section: Energy Emitted From the Exploding Bridgewirementioning

confidence: 99%

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PETN Exploding Bridgewire (EBW) Detonators: A Review

Neal

2020

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Exploding bridgewire (EBW) detonators have been used in weapon systems since the 1940s but there is huge debate surrounding how energy is transferred throughout the EBW firing system and the mechanism by which the exploding wire leads explosive detonation. This report summarizes the underpinning technologies and physical processes that are currently understood and reviews the various efforts to quantify the mechanism by which the PETN is initiated. The behavior of the firing system is very well understood and predictable. The energy delivered to the wire has been empirically modelled but further investigation is required to understand the role of material heterogeneities and their effect on initiation. The energy delivered by the exploding wire has been quantified in many studies but it is not possible to correlate these to a particular design or firing regime and thus definitive conclusions are impossible. The energy absorbed by the PETN is also not well understood. Therefore, the initiation mechanism within the PETN EBWs has not been determined for EBW detonators. There is strong evidence that a shock-todetonation (SDT) mechanism is not the sole cause of initiation. There is insufficient understanding of how electrical sparks transmit energy to PETN to make any judgement regarding the role gas ionization plays. Deflagration-to-detonation (DDT) seems like the most likely candidate for initiation but there is still a great lack of evidence for the presence of this mechanism.

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Section: Energy Is Deposited Within the Initial Pressing (Ip)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Emitted From the Exploding Bridgewirementioning

confidence: 99%

PETN Exploding Bridgewire (EBW) Detonators: A Review

Neal

2020

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Experimental Studies of Energy Levels and Oscillator Strengths of Highly Ionized Atoms

Martinson

1980

Atomic and Molecular Processes in Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion

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Two Methods of Space-Time Energy Densification

Sahlin

1976

Energy Storage, Compression, and Switching

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With a viev to the goal of net energy production from a DT microexplosion, we study two ideas (methods) through which (separately or in combination) energy may be "concentrated" into a small volume and short period of time-the so-called space-time energy densification or compression. We first discuss the advantages and disadvantages of lasers and relativistic electron-beam {E-beam) machines as the sources of such energy and identify the amplification of laser pulses as a key factor in energy compression. The pulse length of present relativistic E-beam machines is the most serious linitatioo of this pulsed-power source. The first energy-compression idea we discuss is the reasonably efficient production of short-duration, hi^h-current relativistic electron pulses by the self interruption and restrii;e of a current in a plasna pinch due to the rapid onset uf strong turbulence. A 1-MJ plasma focus based on this method is nearing completion at this Laboratory. The second energy-compression Idea is based on laserpulse producti , through the parametric amplification of a self-similar or solitary wave pulse, for which analogs can be found in other wave processes. Specifically, the second energy-compression idea is a proposal for parametric amplification of a solitary, transverse magnetic pulse in a coaxial cavity with a Bennett dielectric rod as an inner coax. Amplifiers of this type can be driven by the pulsed power frorr a relativistic K-beam machine. If the end of the inner dielectric coax is nade of LiDT or another fusionable material, the amplified pulse can directly drive a fusion reaction-there would be no need to switch the pulse out of the system toward a remote target.

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Hard X-rays from Exploding Wires

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

PETN Exploding Bridgewire (EBW) Detonators: A Review

PETN Exploding Bridgewire (EBW) Detonators: A Review

Experimental Studies of Energy Levels and Oscillator Strengths of Highly Ionized Atoms

Two Methods of Space-Time Energy Densification

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