Hardening tungsten carbide by alloying elements with high work function

Lu, Hao; Zhao, Chong; Wang, Haibin; Liu, Xuemei; Yu, Rong; Song, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1107/s2052520619012277

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, in the present study, Q2 was higher heat than Q1 due to the energy supplied was converted into heat energy had faced the intense rubbing and friction at the chip-tool interface during high-speed machining. In addition, choice of using a tungsten carbide cutting tool in the simulation as this material known for their hardness and wear resistance thus can generate quality [39]. Thus, cryo-CO2 was utilised as it likely absorbs heat from the cutting zone and carries it away through convection as per Figure 10(c), contributing to effective heat dissipation.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesh Independence Study on CFD for Cryo-CO2 Cooling Strategy

Abdul Halim

2024

JMechE

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This study conducts comprehensive mesh independence tests to identify the optimum mesh independence parameters that offer the most feasible Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis on cryo-CO2 temperature variations and its heat transfer performance under cryo-CO2 cooling strategy in metal cutting. ANSYS Fluent was used to conduct the CFD study with its mesh control parameters (relevance center and smoothing) designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) under Central Composite Design (CCD). An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyse how the controlled factors influenced the cryo-CO2 flow temperature when it flowed from the nozzle to the tooltip. The analysis found that the relevance centre was more significant in influencing the accuracy of the response value. For optimization, the combination of medium relevance center and smoothing meshes was suggested to develop the lowest cryo-CO2 flow temperature at 256.85 K. This is crucial since most machining outputs are heat dependent. Experimental data sets were used to validate the predicted result. Distances between 3.6 to 18 mm showed an acceptable deviation of ~0.4 – 0.6% and ~0.4 – 4.2% for simulated and experimented work, respectively. This value is acceptable, and the generated quadratic model equation can be applied for prediction. The heat transfer performance of the cryo-CO2 flow at tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces under high-speed machining was also discussed. Moreover, further analysis using the optimal solution has led to a better understanding of heat transfer in cryogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in enhanced cooling of the cutting zone and improved machining processes.

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Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesh Independence Study on CFD for Cryo-CO2 Cooling Strategy

Abdul Halim

2024

JMechE

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“…For traditional carbides, the Fermi level and, therefore, the bonding properties can be tailored by adding other elements. For example, WC can be hardened by adding Re (31). For HECs, this same concept can be used to design materials with desirable properties and tunable covalent bond strengths, as discussed below.…”

Section: Number Of States ζmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Entropy Ultra-High-Temperature Borides and Carbides: A New Class of Materials for Extreme Environments

Fahrenholtz

Brenner

2021

Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.

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Herein, we critically evaluate computational and experimental studies in the emerging field of high-entropy ultra-high-temperature ceramics. High-entropy ultra-high-temperature ceramics are candidates for use in extreme environments that include temperatures over 2,000°C, heat fluxes of hundreds of watts per square centimeter, or irradiation from neutrons with energies of several megaelectron volts. Computational studies have been used to predict the ability to synthesize stable high-entropy materials as well as the resulting properties but face challenges such asthe number and complexity of unique bonding environments that are possible for these compositionally complex compounds. Experimental studies have synthesized and densified a large number of different high-entropy borides and carbides, but no systematic studies of composition-structure-property relationships have been completed. Overall, this emerging field presents a number of exciting research challenges and numerous opportunities for future studies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Materials Science, Volume 51 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Tungsten Carbides

Shabalin

2022

Ultra-High Temperature Materials IV

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Hardening tungsten carbide by alloying elements with high work function

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Mesh Independence Study on CFD for Cryo-CO2 Cooling Strategy

Mesh Independence Study on CFD for Cryo-CO2 Cooling Strategy

High-Entropy Ultra-High-Temperature Borides and Carbides: A New Class of Materials for Extreme Environments

Tungsten Carbides

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