Hardiness and Major Personality Factors

Ramanaiah, Nerella V.; Sharpe, J. Patrick; Byravan, Anupama

doi:10.2466/pr0.1999.84.2.497

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Different responses to this disruption lead to different outcomes, including resilience increasing, a return to baseline balance and a lower level of resilience (Richardson, 2002). Highly resilient individuals have the psychological capacity to rebound from negative circumstances and are more likely to find positive meaning in their negative circumstances, which promotes positive emotions (Ramanaiah, Sharpe, & Byravan, 1999; Richardson, 2002; Stajduhar et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience associated with mental health problems among methadone maintenance treatment patients in Guangzhou, China

Jiao

et al. 2016

AIDS Care

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A considerable proportion of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clients have experienced mental health problems (e.g., depression and anxiety), and poor mental health status is associated with HIV-related risk behaviors and treatment drop-out. Resilience is known to be a protective factor for mental health problems but is not studied among MMT clients in China. This study aimed to explore the relationship between resilience and mental health problems (depression, anxiety and stress) among clients of community-based MMT clinics in China. A total of 208 MMT clients completed the face-to-face interview conducted at four of eleven MMT clinics in Guangzhou. The Chinese short version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the presence of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to measure resilience. Logistic regression models were fit in data analyses. Of all participants, 12.8 percent, 19.5 percent and 8.3 percent had depression, anxiety and stress respectively. The mean resilience score was 57.6 (SD=15.9). In the univariate analyses, resilience was negatively associated with two studied mental health problems (depression and anxiety, ORu=0.96 and 0.96, p<0.01). In multivariate models adjusting for both background and other psycho-social factors, resilience was independently associated with probable depression (ORa=0.97, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99) and anxiety (ORa=0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.99). Resilience was independently associated with depression and anxiety. As resilience is changeable, interventions targeting mental health problems of MMT users should consider resilience as an important part in the designing of such interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience associated with mental health problems among methadone maintenance treatment patients in Guangzhou, China

Jiao

et al. 2016

AIDS Care

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“…Maddi and Khoshaba theorized that hardiness was an index of mental health [Maddi and Khoshaba, 1994] and recent data has supported this hypothesis [Ramanaiah et al, 1999]. Tsuang [2000] has emphasized the substantial clinical implications that follow a better understanding of the forces that mould resilience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)

2003

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Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0-4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement.

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“…Maddi and Khoshaba (1994), for example, found that hardiness scores were negatively related to a number of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores showing psychopathological tendencies, supporting the hypothesis that hardiness may reflect a common denominator of mental health. Similarly, Ramanaiah and Sharpe (1999) found that subjects scoring high and low on hardiness differed in their scores on several psychopathology scales. Florian, Mikulincer, and Taubman (1995) found that hardiness instruments administered to 276 Israeli Army recruits predicted mental health at the end of a demanding, 4-month combat training period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

First-Term Attrition in the Navy: Causes and Proposed Solutions

Larson¹,

Kewley²

2000

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SUMMARYMore than 18% of Navy recruits leave the service within the first 6 months, and more than 37% are discharged before the end of their first term. By reducing the attrition rate, the Navy could slash costs for recruiting, training, equipment, and related expenses. For example, the General Accounting Office estimates that in fiscal year 1996, the joint services lost an investment of $39 million by recruiting and training enlistees who separated before they had completed 6 months of service. The purpose of this research was to identify major individual and organizational factors that cause attrition, and to develop a set of interventions or recommendations for reducing attrition. Interviews were conducted with Navy personnel to determine perceptions of the types of individuals who are most likely to attrite and the organizational factors that increase attrition. Results from the interviews were then combined with other data, including Navy documents such as official instructions and press releases, government technical reports and briefings, media sources such as The Navy Times, and a variety of unofficial Navy surveys and meeting notes that were volunteered by respondents during interviews.The following factors play an important role in boot camp attrition:1. Inadequate preparation for transition from civilian life to recruit training, including incorrect or unclear expectations of military life, and poor civilian physical conditioning and lifestyle. 2. Failure to adapt to recruit training for reasons such as low stress resistance, homesickness, malingering, and immaturity. 3. Discipline problems stemming from disrespect for authority and disobedience of rules and regulations. 4. Medical/physical problems, many of which were not detected during earlier medical exams. 5. Fraudulent enlistment. 6. Screening deficiencies, including failure to detect mental disorders and personality disorder. 7. Drug use.The following factors play an important role in "A" school nonacademic attrition.(Academic attrition was not studied because personnel who attrite for academic reasons typically stay in the Navy).

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Hardiness and Major Personality Factors

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Resilience associated with mental health problems among methadone maintenance treatment patients in Guangzhou, China

Resilience associated with mental health problems among methadone maintenance treatment patients in Guangzhou, China

Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)

First-Term Attrition in the Navy: Causes and Proposed Solutions

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