Hardness and indentation fracture toughness of carbides in implantation-modified carbide-metal composite surfaces

In-situ synthesis of a carbide reinforced steel matrix surface nanocomposite by laser melt injection technology and subsequent heat treatment

“…During LMI hard particles with the size range of 10-100 µm are blown by a gas stream into a liquid metallic pool, melted by a fast moving laser beam. The particles are usually carbides [1,[8][9][10][11][12]14,[18][19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][38][39][40][41][42][43], borides [3][4][5][6][7], nitrides [2], oxides [13,15]), or even soft Pb droplets [28].…”

“…Laser Melt Injection (LMI) technology has been known since the 1980s [1] and has been used to improve surface characteristics of metallic alloys, such as steels [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], aluminum [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], titanium [27,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], nickel [40][41][42] and magnesium [43]. During LMI hard particles with the size range of 10-100 µm are blown by a gas stream into a liquid metallic pool, melted by a fast moving laser beam.…”