“…Researchers developed various techniques to extract maximum power from the PV sources. Some of the MPPT techniques are perturb and observe (P&O) [5][6][7], hill climbing (HC) [8], incremental conductance (IncCond) [9,10], fractional voltage/current MPPT control [11], fuzzy-logic (FL) [12,13], neural network (NN) [14,15], optimization techniques [16], and sliding mode (SM) control [17][18][19]. Among the conventional MPPT techniques, P&O and the IncCond techniques are widely used due to their simplicity yet being efficient [20].…”