Hari Kinkar Nandi

Gender Determination Using Fingerprint Ridge Density in Perambalur District of Tamil Nadu

“…Fingerprint as science of personal identification has aided in solving many mysteries and yet continues to serve as an important tool in the criminal justice system. 1 A fingerprint is a unique pattern of ridges on the finger tips of the hand. They develop during the gestation and remain the same during the lifetime of an individual.…”

History of Fingerprint Pattern Recognition

“…Ridge counts for the index and little fingers, rounded to increments of five, were added in parentheses following the secondary classification. Thus, a complete Vucetich classification might look as follows: A2142 V 3413 85687 76678 (25) where the first term indicates an arch on the right thumb, internal loops on the right index and little fingers, arch on the right middle finger, whorl on the right ring finger, whorl (V in Spanish) on the left thumb, external loops on the left index and little fingers, whorl on the left middle finger, and arch on the left finger (primary classification); the second term indicates various subdivisions of the pattern types described in the first term; and the third term indicates ridge counts (rounded to increments of 5) for the loop in the right index finger (5), the right little finger (15), the left index finger (25), and the left little finger (25) (tertiary classification). Within highly populated categories, even further classification processes would be applied.…”

“…Although Herschel recorded his first inked handprint on a road-building contract with Rajyadhar Kōnāi in 1858, it was not until 1877, after two decades of dallying with fingerprints, that he formally proposed that "sign-manuals," as he called them, be used to identify individuals. Herschel tried to characterize his 1858 print as an inventive act, but it seems more likely that it was inspired by tip sahi, a Bengali practice of signing documents with a fingertip dabbed in ink [15,40].…”