“…Appendix B gives an overview of risk and protective factors for substance use and prevention interventions for substance use in Africa. A wide spectrum of risk factors were reported in the accepted studies, ranging from age (Crunelle et al, 2018;Cubbins et al, 2012;Sreeramareddy et al, 2014), gender (Birhanu et al, 2014;Cubbins et al, 2012;Medley et al, 2014;Scheibe et al, 2016;Sreeramareddy et al, 2014;Takahashi et al, 2017), level of education (Crunelle et al, 2018), marital status (Cubbins et al, 2012;Sreeramareddy et al, 2014), unemployment (Ratliff et al, 2016;Sreeramareddy et al, 2014), area of residence (Sreeramareddy et al, 2014), occupation (Sreeramareddy et al, 2014), employment status (Cubbins et al, 2012;Sreeramareddy et al, 2014), lack of alcohol use screening (Koopman et al, 2008), poor mental health (Peltzer & Pengpid, 2012;Sfendla et al, 2018), psychological factors (anxiety/stress/depression) (Peltzer & Pengpid, 2012;Sfendla et al, 2018), accessibility of alcohol and substances (Duresso et al, 2018;Embleton et al, 2013;Kalema et al, 2015;Meade et al, 2015;Onya et al, 2012;Scheibe et al, 2016;Takahashi et al, 2017), availability of alcohol and substances (Duresso et al, 2018;Meade et al, 2015;Onya et al, 2012;Takahashi et al, 2017), participants' place of origin (Birhanu et al, 2014;…”