Harmine, a natural β-carboline alkaloid, ameliorates apoptosis by decreasing the expression of caspase-3 in the kidney of diabetic male Wistar rats

Assessment of the Anti-apoptotic Effects of Peganum harmala Leaf Extract on Type 2 Diabetes in the Kidney of Male Wistar Rats

“…In line with our leaf extract findings, it has been observed that alkaloids have protective effects on kidney functions (31), and flavonoids could induce acute nephropathy (32). Based on the results presented in our previous research, the P. harmala seed extract can amend STZ-induced type 2 diabetes, a factor resulting in the increased apoptosis (38). Also, an earlier investigation suggested that in harmine-treated rats, the total of glomeruli increased and the thickness of the glomeruli decreased (14).…”

“…Our observations reflected that the apoptotic cell death was significantly higher in the diabetic group than the that P. harmala alkaloids are linked with the inhibition of the inflammasome pathways, which verifies our results (41). Moreover, it has been exhibited that harmine, as the major alkaloid source of the seed extract, can mitigate the expression of the caspase-3 gene (38). Histological examination of diabetic rats evinced a correlation between convoluted tubules, a raise in Bowman's capsule space due to the glomeruli reduction, and blood infiltration in the tubules.…”

“…Pourali et al observed that in diabetic patients, serum albumin decreased due to increased glucose, insulin deficiency, and renal dysfunction (37). Based on our recent results, the lower percentages of alkaloids such as harmine presented in the methanolic extract of the leaf seems to be involved in such results (38).…”

“…However, these compounds did not show any toxic effect on the kidneys, possibly owing to the dose of the drug that could not inhibit the apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, the presence of some inactive forms of flavonoid compounds is possibly the reason why the extract could not prevent the mechanism of caspases action (35,38). Reports have suggested that the uptake of flavonoids and their metabolism in vivo depends on the cell type and their interaction with the cell membrane or their entrance to the cytosol.…”

Improving health benefits with considering traditional and modern health benefits of Peganum harmala

“…[ [102][103][104][105][106][107] Antileishmanial activity a. Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem worldwide. P. haramala has natural components with anti-Leishmania activity.…”