Harming and Shaming through Naming: Examining Why Calling the Coronavirus the “COVID-19 Virus,” Not the “Chinese Virus,” Matters

Holt, Lanier Frush; Kjærvik, Sophie L.; Bushman, Brad J.

doi:10.1080/15213269.2022.2034021

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…More related to the COVID-19 context, being Republican and holding conservative attitudes seems directly associated with anti-Asian attitudes during the pandemic. Holt et al’s (2022) experimental findings indicated that individuals’ political affiliation and party had a direct effect on their perceptions of media framing of the coronavirus. They examined how Democrats/liberals differed from Republicans/conservatives in their judgments of a news article that referenced the coronavirus as either the “Chinese virus” or the “COVID-19 virus.” Their results indicated that Democrats perceived the use of “Chinese virus” more negatively than the COVID-19 virus, while Republicans saw no difference between the two articles.…”

Section: Observers’ Expectations Perceptions and Evaluations Of Offen...mentioning

confidence: 91%

The Effects of Observer Expectations on Judgments of Anti-Asian Hate Tweets and Online Activism Response

Tong

DeAndrea

2023

Social Media + Society

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The rise of racial hate speech on social media has raised critical questions for scholars to explore. It is necessary to understand how outside observers passively evaluate (a) online racial hate speech posts on social media and (b) whether those evaluations are related to observers’ subsequent behavior. This study explored how observers evaluate acts of majority-on-minority and minority-on-minority anti-Asian hate tweets on Twitter. In an experiment ( n = 196) informed by expectancy violations theory, we tested how White observers evaluated anti-Asian tweets ostensibly posted by either a White or Black source. Analysis revealed a moderated-mediation pathway in which observers’ political partisanship (Democrat/Republican) affected how they judged the ethnic prototypicality of White and Black sources of racial hate speech; these source prototypicality judgments were in turn associated with observers’ judgments of tweet offensiveness and self-reported intentions to engage in online activism (i.e., signing an online petition). These results contribute to our understanding of outside observers’ differential expectancies regarding online hate speech, and how those expectancies can affect perceptions of and reactions to acts of racism.

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Section: Observers’ Expectations Perceptions and Evaluations Of Offen...mentioning

confidence: 91%

The Effects of Observer Expectations on Judgments of Anti-Asian Hate Tweets and Online Activism Response

Tong

DeAndrea

2023

Social Media + Society

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“…Según una encuesta del Pew Research Center en Estados Unidos, realizada en junio de 2020, "alrededor de cuatro de cada diez adultos estadounidenses afirmaron que se había vuelto más común que las personas expresen puntos de vista racistas hacia los asiáticos desde que comenzó la pandemia" (Ruiz et al, 2020). Que líderes mundiales como Donald Trump e incluso algunos medios hayan denominado al SARS-CoV-2 como "el virus chino" es un síntoma más de la enfermedad racista y xenófoba que se propaga por el planeta, impulsada por demagogos y populistas que han ocupado espacios de poder y de relevancia social (Ren et al, 2020;Dhanani y Franz, 2021;Hswen et al 2021;Holt et al, 2022).…”

Section: Infodemias Y Desinfodemias: ¿Llegamos Tarde?unclassified

(Des)infodemia: lecciones de la crisis de la covid-19

Quian

2023

RCCI

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En esta revisión sobre la desinformación durante la crisis de la covid-19 se hace un análisis teórico, conceptual y exploratorio de la infodemia y desinfodemia en tiempos de crisis de salud pública. En el artículo se intenta precisar qué son la infodemia y la desinfodemia, en el marco del bioinformacionalismo, se reflexiona si hemos llegado tarde para atajarla, se exponen los peligros para la salud pública, las democracias y la vedad histórica por el auge de teorías conspirativas virales, de noticias falsas y de campañas de desprestigio contra las autoridades científico-sanitarias y se analiza el papel comunicativo de científicos y periodistas en la resolución de esta crisis sanitaria.

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“…For example, tweets including the hashtag #chinesevirus have been found to be much more likely to express Anti-Asian sentiment compared to more neutral ones such as #covid19 (Hswen et al, 2021 ). For the US, it has also been shown that a preference for a particular framing in the media (use of “COVID-19 virus” vs. “Chinese virus”) aligns with people's political affiliation/ideology (Democrat/Republican and liberal/conservative), and that “amongst a host of other variables, media framing has an effect on the public's attitudes and feelings of blame for the pandemic” (Holt et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Background and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Snake flu,” “killer bug,” and “Chinese virus”: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of lexical choices in early UK press coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic

Kania

2022

Front. Artif. Intell.

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Now mostly known as “COVID-19” (or simply “Covid”), early discourse around the pandemic was characterized by a particularly large variation in naming choices (ranging from “new coronavirus” and “new respiratory disease” to “killer bug” and the racist term “Chinese virus”). The current study is situated within corpus-assisted discourse studies and analyses these naming choices in UK newspaper coverage (January–March 2020), focusing on terminology deemed “inappropriate” as per WHO guidelines on naming infectious diseases. The results show that 9% of all terms referring to COVID-19 or the virus causing it are “inappropriate” overall, with “inappropriate” naming being more prevalent (1) in tabloids than broadsheets and (2) in the period before compared to the period after the virus was officially named on 11th February, 2020. Selected examples within each of the categories of “inappropriate” names are explored in more detail [terms (1) inciting undue fear, (2) containing geographic locations, and (3) containing species of animals], and the findings are discussed with regard to the contribution of lexical choices to the reproduction of (racist and otherwise problematic) ideologies in mainstream media.

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Harming and Shaming through Naming: Examining Why Calling the Coronavirus the “COVID-19 Virus,” Not the “Chinese Virus,” Matters

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

The Effects of Observer Expectations on Judgments of Anti-Asian Hate Tweets and Online Activism Response

The Effects of Observer Expectations on Judgments of Anti-Asian Hate Tweets and Online Activism Response

(Des)infodemia: lecciones de la crisis de la covid-19

“Snake flu,” “killer bug,” and “Chinese virus”: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of lexical choices in early UK press coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic

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