Harmonia axyridis in Europe: spread and distribution of a non-native coccinellid

Brown, Peter; Adriaens, Tim; Bathon, H.; Cuppen, J.G.M.; Goldarazena, Arturo; Hägg, T.; Kenis, Marc; Klausnitzer, Bernhard; Kovar, I; Loomans, A.J.M.; Majerus, Michael E. N.; Nedvěd, Oldřich; Pedersen, Jes S.; Rabitsch, Wolfgang; Roy, Helen E.; Ternois, Vincent; Захаров, И. А.; Roy, David B.

doi:10.1007/s10526-007-9132-y

Cited by 235 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In Northwest Europe, the use of H. axyridis was proposed for augmentative releases without the goal to have the biological control agent established, so we go to step 3. The species can establish, which (Brown et al 2007a)). The estimate for magnitude of establishment is that H. axyridis will establish in 25-50% of the potential non-target habitats.…”

Section: Risk Identification and Risk Index For H Axyridis Based On mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Greece (Katsoyannos et al 1997) the establishment potential was considered low in citrus orchards, but no observations where made at that time outside the release area. The first European record of a feral Harmonia population originates from 1999, in the town Frankfurt-Niederrad (Germany), where H. axyridis releases were made nearby in previous years for aphid control in roses (H. Bathon, personal communication, July 2007), and subsequently many records were made across West European countries (Brown et al 2007a).…”

Section: Environmental Risk Assessment For H Axyridis Based On Pre-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe

et al. 2007

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In this paper, we summarize the international situation with respect to environmental risk assessment for biological control agents. Next, we apply a recently designed, comprehensive risk evaluation method consisting of a stepwise procedure to evaluate the environmental risks of Harmonia axyridis in Northwest Europe. This resulted in the very clear conclusion that H. axyridis is a potentially risky species for Northwest Europe, because it is able to establish, it has a very wide host range including species from other insect orders and even beyond the class of Insecta, it may feed on plant materials, it can cover large distances ([50 km per year), it does move into non-target areas, it may attack many non-target species including beneficial insects and insects of conservation concern, its activities have resulted in the reduction of populations of native predators in North America, it is known as a nuisance in North America and recently also in Northwest Europe, and it may develop as a pest of fruit in North America. Considering the H. axyridis case, current knowledge would lead to the conclusion that, although the predator is capable to effectively control several pest species, its risks are manifold and it should, thus, not have been released in Northwest Europe. At the time of the first releases in Nortwest Europe in 1995, the available scientific literature made clear that H. axyridis is a large sized polyphagous predator and has a great reproductive capacity in comparison with other ladybird beetles, and that there was a need to study non-target effects because of its polyphagous behaviour. In retrospect, this information should have been sufficient to reject import and release of this species, but it was apparently ignored by those who considered release of this predator in Northwest Europe. The case of Harmonia releases in Northwest Europe underlines that there is an urgent need for harmonized, world-wide regulation of biological control agents, including an information system on risky natural enemy species.

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Section: Risk Identification and Risk Index For H Axyridis Based On mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Risk Assessment For H Axyridis Based On Pre-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe

et al. 2007

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“…After release as a biological control agent, it has colonized most of the North American continent (Koch & Galvan, 2008), and is currently increasing its area of invasion in Europe (Brown et al, 2008). Based on studies of the impact of natural enemies on H. axyridis in the colonized areas, it has been hypothesized that escape from natural enemies is a factor contributing to the high invasiveness of H. axyridis (Roy & Cottrell, 2008;Cottrell & Shapiro-Ilan, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitylenchus sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Allantonematidae) parasitizing field populations of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Harding¹,

Poinar²,

Dimitrova³

et al. 2011

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Adults of the invasive harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were found to be parasitized by nematodes (Tylenchomorpha: Allantonematidae) in Denmark. The nematodes were identified as Parasitylenchus sp. Major morphological characters of the nematodes did not differ significantly from Parasitylenchus coccinellinae Iperti & van Waerebeke 1968, but minor deviations in egg dimension and tail length were measured. Parasitism was only recorded in early autumn, with prevalence ranging from 2 to 33%. Adult and juvenile nematodes occurred together in the body cavity of both female and male H. axyridis.

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“…However, the role of entomopathogens, including fungi, upon introduced and native species of predators (and parasites) has been largely ignored, whereas, the natural enemy release hypothesis is commonly invoked to explain the successful establishment of pest species (Clay, 2003). Harmonia axyridis is considered an invasive alien species in USA and Europe (Roy et al, 2006b;Brown et al, 2008;Koch & Galvan, 2008) and has been designated pest status in North America (Koch, 2003). Recent research would indicate that H. axyridis is resistant to B. bassiana (Cottrell & ShapiroIlan, 2003Roy et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgotten natural enemies: Interactions between coccinellids and insect-parasitic fungi

Roy¹,

Cottrell²

2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The role of predators and parasitoids in the regulation of insect populations is widely reported in the context of both pest and non-pest insects. However, this is not the case for pathogens (entomopathogens). Indeed, most studies on insect life history refer only to predators and parasitoids when considering natural enemy guilds, even though naturally occurring entomopathogens are undoubtedly more diverse and widespread. This is certainly the case with the Coccinellidae; the natural enemies of coccinellids have been the subject of a number of review articles but pathogens receive only brief mention. In this review we attempt to address the balance and consider the interactions of natural populations of Coccinellidae with entomopathogenic fungi. Most research on entomopathogens and Coccinellidae focuses on the non-target impact of biorational insecticides against coccinellids and the impact of fungal infections upon aggregations of overwintering coccinellids; with the former overwhelmingly dominating the literature. Given the prominence of coccinellids in classical and conservation biological control, it is surprising that studies have not measured the natural impact of pathogenic fungi upon introduced species or natural populations of Coccinellidae, as has been done with numerous insect pest species. Here we review the literature on the intriguing interactions between coccinellids and fungal pathogens. We examine the literature on direct infection (sub-lethal and lethal) of coccinellids by pathogenic (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) or parasitic (Hesperomyces virescens). We also consider the role of intra-guild predation (on the aphid-specific fungus Pandora neoaphidis and Beauveria bassiana) and finally indirect interactions such as coccinellids dispersing P. neoaphidis. We suggest that fungal pathogens are all too often forgotten natural enemies and future research should address the profound absence of knowledge in this field.

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Harmonia axyridis in Europe: spread and distribution of a non-native coccinellid

Cited by 235 publications

References 22 publications

Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe

Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe

Parasitylenchus sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Allantonematidae) parasitizing field populations of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Forgotten natural enemies: Interactions between coccinellids and insect-parasitic fungi

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