Harmonic Interaction among Electronic Loads and Its Effects on the Electrical Quantities and Billing: Case Study with Lighting Devices

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation of the harmonic interaction among lighting devices and its effects on the electrical quantities, billing and power quality. In this study, two types of bulbs, a programmable AC power source, a power quality analyzer, and an oscilloscope were used. Aiming to analyze the impact of the massive introduction of the LED bulbs in the electrical energy system, simulations were realized and several scenarios were considered. The results show that the electrical quantities, such as power factor (PF), displacement power factor (DPF) and total harmonic current distortion (THDi) are function of the harmonic interaction between each harmonic order of each load. Therefore, the characteristics of each load will influence directly in the results. Another contribution of this paper is to show the necessity of reviewing the electrical energy billing rules.

Demand-Side Management for Improvement of the Power Quality in Smart Homes Using Non-Intrusive Identification of Appliance Usage Patterns with the True Power Factor

“…The existing smart energy meters in our distribution systems are not designed to measure the TPF and reactive power; hence, they are not billed to the consumers. So, the need to bill consumers for poor PQ caused by their behavior is not recognized, and hence, the requirement of compensation of reactive power has gone unnoticed [11][12][13]. Therefore, the authors feel strongly that the DSM for the PQ is the need of the hour, and serious attention is required in order to measure and address issues of poor PQ in LVDSs and to meet SDG 7-affordable, clean, and quality energy for all.…”

“…Because household appliances are considered to have low-power consumer electronic loads, their effect on the PQ will be significant when too many of them are in use [10]. The effects of harmonics on the displacement PF and %THD are not additive, so it is not right to ignore the effects of harmonic distortion when metering energy for both consumers and utilities [13].…”