Harmonic RFID Temperature Sensor Design for Harsh Environments

Silveira, Tagleorge Marques; Pinho, Pedro; Carvalho, Nuno Borges

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2022.3172027

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…With the development of integrated and high-speed devices in the mechanical, optoelectronic, biological, and medical fields, traditional methodologies for temperature monitoring have fallen short of the demand, and the exploration of non-invasive in situ thermal sensing has attracted much attention. [1][2][3][4][5] For example, in the monitoring of biological organ signals or highspeed rotating devices (e.g., bearings), traditional contact detection technologies are bottlenecked by their size limitations and wired signaling methods. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of traditional non-contact sensing methods renders them challenging to employ for temperature monitoring when the typical dimensions of functional structures reach the nanoscale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell thickness-induced thermal dependence: highly sensitive core–shell CdSe/ZnS/POSS-based temperature probes

Sun,

Yan,

Pan

et al. 2024

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell thickness-induced thermal dependence: highly sensitive core–shell CdSe/ZnS/POSS-based temperature probes

Sun,

Yan,

Pan

et al. 2024

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Harmonic transponders are one such passive wireless device, an example shown in Fig. 1-Top, and which have been investigated for a variety of novel identification and sensing purposes, including tracking of insects [1]- [4]; avoiding car collisions [5]; locating buried infrastructure [6]; monitoring steel corrosion [7], wall cracks [8], and railbeds [9]; and measuring temperature [10]- [12], humidity [13], and soil moisture [14]. As illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Performance Characterization of Harmonic Transponders

Polivka,

Frolik

2024

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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Harmonic transponders are passive wireless devices that hold great promise for a variety of long-term tracking and sensing applications. These nonlinear devices receive an interrogation signal at one frequency (f ) and backscatter harmonics (typically, 2f is of interest). The device's conversion loss is the change in power from what is received and what is transmitted. We show herein that conversion loss is dependent jointly on interrogation power, interrogation frequency, and interrogation angle. This coupled nature of the device's behavior necessitates performance metrics that capture these characteristics. We present a methodology to generically test these devices and propose metrics that capture the noted dependencies.INDEX TERMS Backscatter, conversion loss, dual band, frequency doubler, harmonic transponder, metrics, nonlinear circuits, patch antennas, over-the-air testing, RFID, wireless sensor.

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“…The higher sensitivity of the receiver and of the tag compensate for the power loss caused by the frequency conversion (variable contribution, depending on the RF input power, the diode nonlinearity, and the circuit status [34]) and the higher path loss experienced by the backscattered second harmonic with respect to the fundamental tone (6-dB additional loss), leading to wireless sensing systems with potential longer read ranges than the traditional backscatter radios, especially in highly cluttered environments. In addition, their inherent immunity to clutter makes harmonic transponders good candidates for high-sensitivity sensors, and currently research has focused on adding sensing capabilities to harmonic transponders [35], [36], [37], [38], [39].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Wireless Vibration Sensors Based on the Amplitude Modulation of Harmonic Backscattering

Palazzi,

Alimenti,

Mezzanotte

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This article presents a wireless passive vibration sensor based on harmonic backscattering. The adopted vibration transducer is a commercial piezoelectric cantilever. The cantilever is connected to the gate of an NMOS transistor, which controls the self-bias point of the Schottky diode responsible for the second-harmonic generation. This way, vibrations induce the amplitude modulation of the backscattered second harmonic. A technique is presented to retrieve the vibration information (both acceleration and frequency) from the acquired spectrum. The vibration frequency is computed as the average frequency difference between the carrier and the first sidebands, while the vibration acceleration is encoded in the duty cycle of the amplitude modulation of the backscattered harmonic. In this contribution, we demonstrate for the first time that this information can be retrieved from the magnitude ratio of the first and second sidebands of the acquired spectrum regardless of the tag-to-reader distance. A complete wireless prototype, working at f 0 = 1.5 GHz, is manufactured and tested in a laboratory environment for tag-to-reader distances up to 1.3 m. Despite some sensor limitations, i.e., the nonlinear relationship between the duty cycle and the vibration acceleration and the dependence of the sensor sensitivity on the vibration frequency, excellent results are obtained for vibration frequencies around the natural oscillation frequency of the cantilever (i.e., 130 Hz), and for variable accelerations and distances, which testifies the high sensitivity and the robustness of the proposed solution.

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Harmonic RFID Temperature Sensor Design for Harsh Environments

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Shell thickness-induced thermal dependence: highly sensitive core–shell CdSe/ZnS/POSS-based temperature probes

Shell thickness-induced thermal dependence: highly sensitive core–shell CdSe/ZnS/POSS-based temperature probes

On Performance Characterization of Harmonic Transponders

Passive Wireless Vibration Sensors Based on the Amplitude Modulation of Harmonic Backscattering

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