Harmonised life-cycle global warming impact of renewable hydrogen

Valente, António; Cruz, Pedro L.; Dufour, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.163

Cited by 110 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Ideally, water can be split with help of renewable energies to produce hydrogen, generating a very low environmental impact [3][4][5]. However, diverse studies affirm that a transition period will be need before this ideal situation become profitable, using a wide variety of raw materials for both centralized and distributed hydrogen production systems [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlayer Properties of In-Situ Oxidized Porous Stainless Steel for Preparation of Composite Pd Membranes

Furones

Alique

2017

ChemEngineering

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Abstract:Hydrogen is considered as a real alternative for improving the current energy scenario in the near future and separation processes are a crucial step for the economy of the process in both centralized and distributed production systems. In this context, Pd-based composite membranes appear as an attractive technology trying to reduce the Pd thickness by modifying the commercial supports, mainly formed by metals to fit properly in conventional industrial devices. In most cases, a final calcination step is required and hence, the metallic support can be oxidized. This work analyzes in detail the properties of intermediate layers generated by in-situ oxidation of tubular PSS supports as a crucial step for the preparation of Pd/PSS membranes. The oxidation temperature determines the modification of original morphology and permeability by increasing the presence of mixed iron-chromium oxides as temperature rises. A compromise solution need to be adopted in order to reduce the average pore mouth size and the external roughness, while maintaining a high permeation capacity. Temperature of 600 • C lets to reduce the average pore size from 3.5 to 2.1 µm or from 4.5 to 2.3 µm in case of using PSS supports with 0.1 or 0.2 µm porous media grades, respectively but maintaining a hydrogen permeation beyond targets of United States of America Department of Energy (US DOE). Lower temperatures provoke an insufficient surface modification, while greater values derive in a drastic reduction of permeability. In these conditions, two composite membranes were prepared by ELP-PP, obtaining 14.7 and 18.0 µm thick palladium layers in case of modifying PSS tubes of 0.1 or 0.2 µm media grades, respectively. In both cases, the composite Pd membranes exhibited a hydrogen perm-selectivity greater than 2000 with permeances ranged from 2.83 to 5.84·10 −4 mol m −2 s −1 Pa −0.5 and activation energies of around 13-14 kJ mol −1 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlayer Properties of In-Situ Oxidized Porous Stainless Steel for Preparation of Composite Pd Membranes

Furones

Alique

2017

ChemEngineering

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“…The harmonisation protocols defined and applied in Valente et al [12][13][14] allow the mitigation of the misinterpretation risk associated with inconsistent methodological choices in comparative LCA studies of hydrogen energy systems. The current libraries of harmonised life-cycle indicators of hydrogen report the harmonised carbon, energy, and acidification footprints of conventional (fossil) hydrogen from steam methane reforming (SMR) as well as of a large number of renewable hydrogen alternatives.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When focusing on hydrogen energy systems, numerous LCA studies are available in the current literature, with significant methodological differences between each other [11]. In fact, a harmonisation initiative specific to hydrogen energy systems has been undertaken [12][13][14][15], leading to LCA harmonisation protocols for three relevant life-cycle indicators: carbon footprint (global warming, GWP) [12], non-renewable energy footprint (cumulative fossil and nuclear energy demand CED) [13], and acidification (AP) [14]. These harmonisation protocols have already been applied to a wide range of LCA case studies of hydrogen, resulting in libraries of harmonised life-cycle indicators of hydrogen for robust comparisons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These harmonisation protocols have already been applied to a wide range of LCA case studies of hydrogen, resulting in libraries of harmonised life-cycle indicators of hydrogen for robust comparisons. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the harmonisation procedure -whose step-by-step application may result time-consuming-the web-based tool GreenH 2 armony ® has recently been developed [16,17] for the computation of harmonised carbon, energy, and acidification footprints of hydrogen according to the available protocols [12][13][14]. This work addresses-for the first time-the validation of such a tool for the computation of harmonised life-cycle indicators of hydrogen, thus enhancing the usefulness of comparative LCA to support decision-making processes [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of GreenH2armony® as a Tool for the Computation of Harmonised Life-Cycle Indicators of Hydrogen

2020

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The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is often used to check the environmental suitability of hydrogen energy systems, usually involving comparative studies. However, these comparative studies are typically affected by inconsistent methodological choices between the case studies under comparison. In this regard, protocols for the harmonisation of methodological choices in LCA of hydrogen are available. The step-by-step application of these protocols to a large number of case studies has already resulted in libraries of harmonised carbon, energy, and acidification footprints of hydrogen. In order to foster the applicability of these harmonisation protocols, a web-based software for the calculation of harmonised life-cycle indicators of hydrogen has recently been developed. This work addresses—for the first time—the validation of such a tool by checking the deviation between the available libraries of harmonised carbon, energy, and acidification footprints of hydrogen and the corresponding tool-based harmonised results. A high correlation (R2 > 0.999) was found between the library- and tool-based harmonised life-cycle indicators of hydrogen, thereby successfully validating the software. Hence, this tool has the potential to effectively promote the use of harmonised life-cycle indicators for robust comparative LCA studies of hydrogen energy systems, significantly mitigating misinterpretation.

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“…SMR, the current state-of-art technology for hydrogen production, is almost always taken as the reference case. A very comprehensive and recent review on this topic is given by Valente et al [22]. Here 139 original case studies of renewable hydrogen, published until April 2016, were counted (nearly all of them on carbon footprint only).…”

Section: Desulphurization Of Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hydrogen in the Ecological Benefits of Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Production and Use: An LCA Benchmark

Olindo

Vogtländer

2019

Sustainability

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Desulphurization of oil-based fuels is common practice to mitigate the ecological burden to ecosystems and human health of SOx emissions. In many countries, fuels for vehicles are restricted to 10 ppm sulphur. For marine fuels, low sulphur contents are under discussion. The environmental impact of desulphurization processes is, however, quite high: (1) The main current source for industrial hydrogen is Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), with a rather high level of CO2 emissions, (2) the hydrotreating process, especially below 150 ppm, needs a lot of energy. These two issues lead to three research questions: (a) What is the overall net ecological benefit of the current desulphurization practice? (b) At which sulfphur ppm level in the fuel is the additional ecological burden of desulphurization higher than the additional ecological benefit of less SOx pollution from combustion? (c) To what extent can cleaner hydrogen processes improve the ecological benefit of diesel desulphurization? In this paper we use LCA to analyze the processes of hydrotreatment, the recovery of sulphur via amine treating of H2S, and three processes of hydrogen production: SMR without Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), SMR with 53% and 90% CCS, and water electrolysis with two types of renewable energy. The prevention-based eco-costs system is used for the overall comparison of the ecological burden and the ecological benefit. The ReCiPe system was applied as well but appeared not suitable for such a comparison (other damage-based indicators cannot be applied either). The overall conclusion is that (1) the overall net ecological benefit of hydrogen-based Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel is dependent of local conditions, but is remarkably high, (2) desulphurization below 10 ppm is beneficial for big cities, and (3) cleaner production of hydrogen reduces eco-cost by a factor 1.8–3.4.

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Harmonised life-cycle global warming impact of renewable hydrogen

Cited by 110 publications

References 46 publications

Interlayer Properties of In-Situ Oxidized Porous Stainless Steel for Preparation of Composite Pd Membranes

Interlayer Properties of In-Situ Oxidized Porous Stainless Steel for Preparation of Composite Pd Membranes

Validation of GreenH2armony® as a Tool for the Computation of Harmonised Life-Cycle Indicators of Hydrogen

The Role of Hydrogen in the Ecological Benefits of Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Production and Use: An LCA Benchmark

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