Harmonization Still Failing? Inconsistency of Education Variables in Cross-National Public Opinion Surveys

Ortmanns, Verena; Schneider, Silke L.

doi:10.1093/ijpor/edv025

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We run sensitivity models only on populations scoring in the lower and upper ranges of the ISEI occupational status hierarchy and years of education (Ganzeboom et al 1992). Although we are aware of better measures of educational attainment, these measures are less comparative and do not provide a distribution with easy cut points, and thus we settle for years (Ortmanns and Schneider 2016).…”

Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

No generalizable effect of income inequality on public support for governmental redistribution among rich democracies 1987–2010

Breznau

Hommerich

2019

Social Science Research

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We revisit a longstanding hypothesis that the public become more supportive of redistributive policy as income inequality rises. Previous tests of this hypothesis using various forms of general least squares regressions are inconclusive. We suggest improvements and alternatives to these tests. Using the World Inequality Data and International Social Survey Program we analyze 91 surveys in 18 countries. We incorporate three alternative measures of income inequality, including a measure of liberalization as a known cause of income inequality increases. We also employ two alternative test formats that arguably reflect the data generating model better than a least squares regression. The first is vector-autoregression aiming to account for path dependency of public opinion and income inequality, and the endogeneity between them. Next is qualitative comparative analysis to capture sets of conditions that collectively should have led to inequality having an impact on public opinion. Finally, we run our regression models separately for low and high socio-economic strata. In all tests we find no measurable impact of income inequality on support for redistribution. From a macro-perspective we argue that this suggests ruling out a general effect that exists across space and time, and focusing instead on theory to explain why there should not be a general effect. Some arguments suggest the public are normatively opposed to what sounds like 'handouts'. We therefore discuss model specification via theory, but also Type II errors, statistical power and the limitations of our conclusions.

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Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

No generalizable effect of income inequality on public support for governmental redistribution among rich democracies 1987–2010

Breznau

Hommerich

2019

Social Science Research

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“…But the biggest obstacle to directly testing the relationship between education and tolerance in a multilevel setting has to do with the quality and comparability of data on the quality of education and the resources devoted to increasing it. Educational statistics are often not comparable across school districts, let alone nationally or cross-nationally(Ortmanns and Schneider, 2016). We attempt to overcome this limitation by seeking patterns in the relationship between levels of education and political tolerance with comparable cross-national survey data and supplementary contextual-level factors.13 Another potential mechanism for why more educated individuals tend to present higher levels of tolerance, especially in the more economically developed nations, is social desirability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Education, the wealth of nations, and political tolerance toward homosexuals: a multilevel analysis of 26 countries in the Americas

Seligson

Morales²,

Russo

2019

Opin. Publica

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While the positive effect of education on political tolerance toward minorities is well-known, we understand far less about education’s impact on tolerance across varying contexts. Utilizing multilevel statistical techniques, we find an interactive effect indicating that education at the individual level has a greater effect on political tolerance toward those who identify as homosexuals in wealthier countries. The results suggest that (1) completing additional levels of schooling may be insufficient to promote tolerant attitudes toward this minority and (2) more investment in education leads to stronger impacts. We support this finding by showing that where educational expenditures are greater, the average impact of secondary education is larger. The study uses individual data from 26 countries in the 2014 AmericasBarometer as well as indicators from the World Bank DataBank and Freedom House.

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“…Consistency in measuring and modelling education allows researchers to compare the results from different studies and pool different data sources for within-country or cross-national comparative analysis. 19 However, systematic reviews in the field highlight substantial heterogeneity in measuring and operationalizing education. 20 , 21 Educational level does not have universal definitions.…”

Section: Methodological Issues Regarding Current Approaches To Measur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 For cross-national comparison, educational data need to be harmonized using an internationally comparable education variable. 19 Although attempts have been made to implement standardized comparative measures (e.g. harmonization using the International Standard Classification of Education), different studies have used either different standards or implemented them in different ways.…”

Section: Methodological Issues Regarding Current Approaches To Measur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring education in the context of health inequalities

Khalatbari-Soltani

Maccora

Blyth

et al. 2022

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Harmonization Still Failing? Inconsistency of Education Variables in Cross-National Public Opinion Surveys

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

No generalizable effect of income inequality on public support for governmental redistribution among rich democracies 1987–2010

No generalizable effect of income inequality on public support for governmental redistribution among rich democracies 1987–2010

Education, the wealth of nations, and political tolerance toward homosexuals: a multilevel analysis of 26 countries in the Americas

Measuring education in the context of health inequalities

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