Harmonizing WHO’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): importance and methods to link disease and functioning

Escorpizo, Reuben; Kostanjsek, Nenad; Kennedy, Cille; Nicol, M; Stucki, Gerold; Üstün, T. Bedirhan

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-742

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Skin problems as experienced by patients and fatigue are originally identified aspects of the disease found in the present study and these domains should be further explored 16. The other domains of health in the PsAID scores reflect physical, psychological and societal aspects, which is in keeping with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health 43. Feelings of shame due to physical appearance seem to be more important in patients with PsA than in RA, probably because of the skin component of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

A patient-derived and patient-reported outcome measure for assessing psoriatic arthritis: elaboration and preliminary validation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire, a 13-country EULAR initiative

et al. 2014

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Introduction The objective was to develop a questionnaire that can be used to calculate a score reflecting the impact of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) from the patients' perspective: the PsA Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire. Methods Twelve patient research partners identified important domains (areas of health); 139 patients prioritised them according to importance. Numeric rating scale (NRS) questions were developed, one for each domain. To combine the domains into a single score, relative weights were determined based on the relative importance given by 474 patients with PsA. An international cross-sectional and longitudinal validation study was performed in 13 countries to examine correlations of the PsAID score with other PsA or generic disease measures. Test-retest reliability and responsiveness (3 months after a treatment change) were examined in two subsets of patients. Results Two PsAID questionnaires were developed with both physical and psychological domains: one for clinical practice (12 domains of health) and one for clinical trials (nine domains). Pain, fatigue and skin problems had the highest relative importance. The PsAID scores correlated well with patient global assessment (N=474, Spearman r=0.82-0.84), reliability was high in stable patients (N=88, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.94-0.95), and sensitivity to change was also acceptable (N=71, standardised response mean=0.90-0.91). Conclusions A questionnaire to assess the impact of PsA on patients' lives has been developed and validated. Two versions of the questionnaire are available, one for clinical practice (PsAID-12) and one for clinical trials (PsAID-9). The PsAID questionnaires should allow better assessment of the patient's perspective in PsA. Further validation is needed

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

A patient-derived and patient-reported outcome measure for assessing psoriatic arthritis: elaboration and preliminary validation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire, a 13-country EULAR initiative

et al. 2014

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“…The ICF-CY, which includes all ICF-categories, plus additional ones for children and youth, consists of 1685 categories (531 body functions; 329 body structures; 552 activities and participation categories; and 273 environmental factors). The classification provides a comprehensive, common and universal language for clinicians and researchers to document and measure functional health across the lifespan for diagnostic, treatment and reimbursement purposes [27,28]. However, using all the categories of the ICF-CY to describe an individual with a specific diagnosis is time-consuming and essentially inappropriate, as many categories may not apply to a person with a certain condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework

Mahdi

Ronzano

Knüppel

et al. 2018

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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This is the fourth and final study designed to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, and children and youth version, ICF-CY) core sets for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate aspects of functioning and environment of individuals with ADHD as documented by the ICF-CY in clinical practice settings. An international cross-sectional multi-centre study was applied, involving nine units from eight countries: Denmark, Germany, India, Italy, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sweden and Taiwan. Clinicians and clinical researchers rated the functioning level of 112 children, adolescents and adults with ADHD using the extended ICF-CY checklist version 2.1a. The ratings were based on a variety of information sources, such as medical records, medical history, clinical observations, clinical questionnaires, psychometric tests and structured interviews with participants and family members. In total, 113 ICF-CY categories were identified, of which 50 were related to the activities and participation, 33 to environmental factors and 30 to body functions. The clinical study also yielded strengths related to ADHD, which included temperament and personality functions and recreation and leisure. The study findings endorse the complex nature of ADHD, as evidenced by the many functional and contextual domains impacted in ADHD. ICF-CY based tools can serve as foundation for capturing various functional profiles and environmental facilitators and barriers. The international nature of the ICF-CY makes it possible to develop user-friendly tools that can be applied globally and in multiple settings, ranging from clinical services and policymaking to education and research.

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“…Interestingly, during the consensus conference, the experts were generally less favourable to including body function categories in the ADHD Core Sets compared to activities and participation categories and environmental factors. One possible explanation might be that, since the conceptualisation of ADHD has historically been rooted in a biomedical framework, with its biomedical features already described in ICD-10 [23] and DSM-5 [5], the participating experts may have perceived the development of ICF Core Sets for ADHD as a chance to incorporate personal, social, and environmental aspects of the individual in a more holistic perspective of ADHD [25,43]. Still, however, mental functions were covered in all age-specific brief sets, supporting the notion that ADHD is a persistent neurodevelopmental condition associated with cognitive challenges [44,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel and integral part of the diagnostic procedures and criteria recommended for ADHD in the upcoming ICD-11 is the use of ICF categories to describe the impact of a health condition on individual functioning [25]. The ICF Core Sets for ADHD may potentially guide the selection of categories used in the ICD-11, hereby marking a paradigm shift in the diagnostic assessment of ADHD.…”

Section: Applications Of the Icf Core Sets For Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardised assessment of functioning in ADHD: consensus on the ICF Core Sets for ADHD

Bölte

Mahdi

Coghill

et al. 2018

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with significant impairments in social, educational, and occupational functioning, as well as specific strengths. Currently, there is no internationally accepted standard to assess the functioning of individuals with ADHD. WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-child and youth version (ICF) can serve as a conceptual basis for such a standard. The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive, a common brief, and three age-appropriate brief ICF Core Sets for ADHD. Using a standardised methodology, four international preparatory studies generated 132 second-level ICF candidate categories that served as the basis for developing ADHD Core Sets. Using these categories and following an iterative consensus process, 20 ADHD experts from nine professional disciplines and representing all six WHO regions selected the most relevant categories to constitute the ADHD Core Sets. The consensus process resulted in 72 second-level ICF categories forming the comprehensive ICF Core Set-these represented 8 body functions, 35 activities and participation, and 29 environmental categories. A Common Brief Core Set that included 38 categories was also defined. Age-specific brief Core Sets included a 47 category preschool version for 0-5 years old, a 55 category school-age version for 6-16 years old, and a 52 category version for older adolescents and adults 17 years old and above. The ICF Core Sets for ADHD mark a milestone toward an internationally standardised functional assessment of ADHD across the lifespan, and across educational, administrative, clinical, and research settings.

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Harmonizing WHO’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): importance and methods to link disease and functioning

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

A patient-derived and patient-reported outcome measure for assessing psoriatic arthritis: elaboration and preliminary validation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire, a 13-country EULAR initiative

A patient-derived and patient-reported outcome measure for assessing psoriatic arthritis: elaboration and preliminary validation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire, a 13-country EULAR initiative

An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework

Standardised assessment of functioning in ADHD: consensus on the ICF Core Sets for ADHD

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