Harnessing natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: dispatching the first responders

Maskalenko, Nicholas A; Zhigarev, Dmitry; Campbell, Kerry S.

doi:10.1038/s41573-022-00413-7

Cited by 117 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…Group 1 ILCs are of particular interest in cancer biology due to their well-described role in cancer immunosurveillance [26]. In humans, group 1 ILCs are defined as CD56 + CD3 − immune cells (NKp46 + CD3 − lymphocytes in mice), and markers that differentiate NK cells from ILC1s are highly tissue-and species dependent [27,28].…”

Section: Innate Lymphoid Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unique role of innate lymphoid cells in cancer and the hepatic microenvironment

Curio

Belz

2022

Cell Mol Immunol

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Cancer is a complex disease, and despite incredible progress over the last decade, it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver metastases are distinct from other cancers in that they typically emerge as a consequence of long-term low-grade inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin inflammation-driven tissue remodeling of the hepatic immune environment is likely to provide new insights into much needed treatments for this devastating disease. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which include natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s, are particularly enriched in the liver and thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of liver diseases, including cancer. NK cells are an attractive, but underexplored, therapeutic target in hepatic disease due to their role in immunosurveillance and their ability to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. ILC1s are closely related to and share many phenotypic features with NK cells but are less well studied. Thus, their utility in immunotherapeutic approaches is not yet well understood. Here, we review our current understanding of ILCs in cancer with a particular focus on liver and liver-related diseases.

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Section: Innate Lymphoid Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unique role of innate lymphoid cells in cancer and the hepatic microenvironment

Curio

Belz

2022

Cell Mol Immunol

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“…Group B haplotypes have genes that encode 3DL3, 2DS2, 2DL2, 3DP1, 2DL4, 3DS1, 2DL5, 3DS5, 2DS1, and 3DL2. Among these, 2DL4, 2DS4, 2DS2, 2DL4, 3DS1, 3DS5, and 2DS1 serve as activating receptors, while 3DL3, 2DL3, 2DL1, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3, 2DL2, 2DL5, and 3DL2 are inhibitory ones [ 43 ]. Therefore, the status of NK cells is determined by the competition between the activating and inhibitory receptors ( Figure 2 A).…”

Section: Recognition and Killing Of Cancer Cells By Nk Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Progress of CAR-NK Therapy in Cancer Treatment

Pang

Wang

et al. 2022

Cancers

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CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells eliminate target cells through the release of lytic granules and Fas ligand (FasL)-induced target cell apoptosis. The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) makes these two types of cells selective and effective in killing cancer cells. The success of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and other types of blood cancers proved that the immunotherapy is an effective approach in fighting against cancers, yet adverse effects, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), cannot be ignored for the CAR-T therapy. CAR-NK therapy, then, has its advantage in lacking these adverse effects and works as effective as CAR-T in terms of killing. Despite these, NK cells are known to be hard to transduce, expand in vitro, and sustain shorter in vivo comparing to infiltrated T cells. Moreover, CAR-NK therapy faces challenges as CAR-T therapy does, e.g., the time, the cost, and the potential biohazard due to the use of animal-derived products. Thus, enormous efforts are needed to develop safe, effective, and large-scalable protocols for obtaining CAR-NK cells. Here, we reviewed current progress of CAR-NK therapy, including its biological properties, CAR compositions, preparation of CAR-NK cells, and clinical progresses. We also discussed safety issues raised from genetic engineering. We hope this review is instructive to the research community and a broad range of readers.

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“…Natural killer (NK) cells are unique and vital among immune cells, serving as gateways against infection and cancer, and have received significant attention in tumor immunotherapy research ( 108 , 109 ). Activated NK cells can directly kill target cells and indirectly suppress cancer by secreting inflammatory and chemokines by releasing two molecules, perforin and granzyme ( 110 , 111 ).…”

Section: Cell Membrane-modified Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials: A powerful tool for tumor immunotherapy

et al. 2022

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Cancer represents the leading global driver of death and is recognized as a critical obstacle to increasing life expectancy. In recent years, with the development of precision medicine, significant progress has been made in cancer treatment. Among them, various therapies developed with the help of the immune system have succeeded in clinical treatment, recognizing and killing cancer cells by stimulating or enhancing the body’s intrinsic immune system. However, low response rates and serious adverse effects, among others, have limited the use of immunotherapy. It also poses problems such as drug resistance and hyper-progression. Fortunately, thanks to the rapid development of nanotechnology, engineered multifunctional nanomaterials and biomaterials have brought breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy. Unlike conventional cancer immunotherapy, nanomaterials can be rationally designed to trigger specific tumor-killing effects. Simultaneously, improved infiltration of immune cells into metastatic lesions enhances the efficiency of antigen submission and induces a sustained immune reaction. Such a strategy directly reverses the immunological condition of the primary tumor, arrests metastasis and inhibits tumor recurrence through postoperative immunotherapy. This paper discusses several types of nanoscale biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy, and they activate the immune system through material-specific advantages to provide novel therapeutic strategies. In summary, this article will review the latest advances in tumor immunotherapy based on self-assembled, mesoporous, cell membrane modified, metallic, and hydrogel nanomaterials to explore diverse tumor therapies.

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Harnessing natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: dispatching the first responders

Cited by 117 publications

References 252 publications

The unique role of innate lymphoid cells in cancer and the hepatic microenvironment

The unique role of innate lymphoid cells in cancer and the hepatic microenvironment

Current Progress of CAR-NK Therapy in Cancer Treatment

Nanomaterials: A powerful tool for tumor immunotherapy

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