“…Several contributing factors further clarify the rationale behind this increased scrutiny. These include (1) the rising complexity and scope required for organizational integration, (2) a greater number of IT decisions being made by management outside a company's information systems/technology organization, (3) an incipient sense of frustration with the perceived returns from IT investment, (4) the desire for greater accountability in linking IT investments with strategic business goals, (5) the complexity associated with architectural planning and migration activities, (6) the escalating cost of investment required and the uncertainty of recouping these investments, (7) the difficulty of quantifying and measuring intangible benefits, (8) the pace at which technology becomes obsolete, (9) the absence, within a firm, of the expertise needed to develop, maintain, and implement these technologically sophisticated systems and applications, (10) the perceived risk and market uncertainty, (11) prior projects that did not perform as expected, and (12) the elongated time to market (Mathe and Dagi, 1996;Mata et al, 1995;Strategic Consulting Group, 1992).…”